Chapter 17 Mastering A+P

What is hematocrit? A. Hematocrit is the percentage of plasma in a whole blood sample B. Hematocrit is the percentage of all formed elements in a whole blood sample C. Hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample D. Hematocrit is the percentage of leukocytes and platelets in a whole blood sample

Which of these is true of the materials making up the Buffy coat in centrifuged blood? A. They are less dense than both erythrocytes and plasma B. They are intermediate in density between both erythrocytes and plasma C. They are denser than plasma and erythrocytes D. They are denser than erythrocytes but less dense than plasma

Which of the following is NOT regulated by the blood? A. Body temperature B. Fluid volume C. pH level D. Nutrient levels

What is the average normal pH range of blood? A. 8.35-8.45 B. 7.75-7.85 C. 4.65-4.75 D. 7.35-7.45

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? A. Protection B. Distribution C. Regulation D. Hormone production

Which of the following is NOT a formed element in whole blood? A. albumin B. platelets C. leukocytes D. erythrocytes

In a centrifuged sample of blood, what should NOT be in the plasma portion of the sample? A. electrolytes B. platelets C. fibrinogen D. albumin

Which of the following plasma proteins is improperly matched with its function? A. gamma globulins: lipid transport B. albumin: osmotic pressure C. fibrinogen: clotting D. alpha globulin: transport of metal ions and fat-soluble vitamins

Which of the following would NOT be a characteristic of normal blood? A. sticky texture B. less viscous than water C. 5 million RBC per microliter D. pH of 7.4

If you centrifuge (spin) whole blood you will find the band of white blood cells and platelets (the Buffy coat) is much thinner than the packed red blood cells below it. This difference reflects the facts that ... A. white blood cells are smaller than red blood cells B. platelets are larger than red blood cells C. white blood cells are fewer in number than red blood cells D. platelets are larger than white blood cells

Which of the following is true of the structure of an erythrocyte? A. Erythrocytes can bend and twist to fit through the vessels B. Erythrocytes are larger than other cells in the blood C. Erythrocytes are nucleated cells D. Erythrocytes are cell fragments

What triggers erythropoietin (EPO) production to make new red blood cells? A. Excess oxygen in the bloodstream B. too many platelets C. reduced availability of oxygen D. a. high hematocrit

Which part of the hemoglobin molecule binds carbon dioxide for transport? A. iron B. spectrin C. heme group D. amino acid of the globin

How many oxygen molecules can be transported by one hemoglobin molecule? A. two B. four C. eight

What is a young, enucleate erythrocyte called? A. polychromatic erythoblast B. proerythroblast C. hemopoietic stem cell (hemocytoblast) D. reticulocyte

What part of the body does erythropoietin (EPO) target to increase erythropoiesis? A. bone marrow B. lungs C. kidneys D. liver

What part of the hemoglobin molecule is eventually metabolized to stercobilin in the feces? A. globin B. transferrin C. iron D. a portion of the heme group

Choose the statement that is true concerning hemoglobin. A. When hemoglobin is not bound to oxygen, it appears blue B. It can bind a maximum of 3 oxygen molecules C. It is found in the plasma portion of blood D. It is composed of 4 protein chains and 4 heme groups

Abnormally low levels of erythrocytes caused by excessive bleeding is called ... A. sickle cell anemia B. polycythemia C. hemorrhagic anemia D. thalassemia

Which of the following would provide no benefit to a person suffering any one of the various types of anemia? A. supplemental oxygen delivered by mask B. Supplemental bilirubin injection C. Blood transfusion D. Treatment with synthetic erythropoietin

Higher viscosity of blood will increase the amount of stress placed on the heart while it is pumping. Viscosity of blood is highest when ... A. hemoglobin levels are lowest B. HbA1C levels are lowest C. plasma levels are highest D. hematocrit is highest

People that have a single allele (gene copy) for sickle cell anemia are typically not sick from the disease and are said to be carriers of sickle cell trait. These people will more often live in the malaria belt of sub-Saharan Africa. The most likely explanation for this is ... A. Sickle cell trait is passed on to biting mosquitoes as malaria B. people with sickle cell traits have a better chance of surviving malaria C. the tropical climate attracts people with sickle cell trait D. malaria is a cause of sickle cell trait

What is the name of the protein found in erythrocytes that transports respiratory gases? A. antibodies B. fibrinogen C. hemoglobin D. albumin

Suppose that an individual injects himself with erythropoietin in order to raise his level of endurance, and act that is usually illegal in competitive sports. Which of the following could result? A. A lower hematocrit B. reduced tendency for blood to clot C. decreased blood viscosity D. polycythemia

Which of the following would trigger erythropoiesis? A. decreased tissue demand for oxygen B. hypoxia of EPO-producing cells C. an increased number of RBCs D. moving to a lower altitude

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production? A. kidney B. brain C. liver D. pancreas

A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and causing an appearance of large pale cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of ... A. polycythemia B. aplastic anemia C. pernicious anemia D. sickle cell anemia

The normal RBC "graveyard" is the liver

Hemoglobin is made up of the protein heme and the red pigment globin

When a person has an acute bacterial infection, such as bacterial meningitis or appendicitis, which type of leukocyte increases in number? A. neutrophils B. lymphocytes C. basophils D. eosinophils

Which type of leukocyte is responsible for antibody production? A. eosinophils B. monocytes C. lymphocytes D. basophils

Eosinophil

Neutophil

Erythrocyte

Basophil

Monocyte

Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood? A. megakaryocyte B. normoblast C. polymorphonuclear cell D. hemocytoblast

No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ... A. eosinophils B. neutrophils C. monocytes D. basophils

Which leukocyte might you expect to find in higher quantities in a person experiencing allergies? A. basophil B. neutrophil C. lymphocyte D. eosinophil

Basophils increase in number when parasitic invasion occurs

Leukopenia is an abnormally low number of leukocytes

Which formed element can be described as membrane-enclosed cytoplasmic fragments? A. platelets B. lymphocytes C. erythrocytes D. monocytes

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the role of platelets in hemostatic reactions? A. platelets adhere to exposed collagen fibers B. platelets release chemicals that attract and bind other platelets C. Platelets release the only chemical factors that can initiate coagulation D. Platelets do not stick to intact endothelial cells

What "clot buster" enzyme removes unneeded clots after healing has occurred during fibrinolysis? A. fibrin B. plasminogen C. plasmin D. thrombin

Which of the following represents a difference between extrinsic and intrinsic blood clotting pathways? A. one involves calcium ions, while others do not B. one is triggered by tissue damage, while the other cannot be triggered by tissue damage C. one is faster than the other D. one leads to the production of prothrombin activator and the other does not

Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis? A. fibrinolysis B. vascular spasm C. coagulation D. platelet plug formation

What protein involved in coagulation provides the activation for the final step in clotting? A. fibrin B. fibrinogen C. thrombin D. prothrombin activator

A person who lacks agglutinogen A but has agglutinogen B would have blood type ... A. O B. B C. AB D. A

Which of the following scenarios could result in HDN (hemolytic disease of the newborn)? A. B-negative female pregnant with an AB-positive baby B. O-positive female pregnant with a B-positive baby C. AB-negative female pregnant with an AB-negative baby D. A-positive female pregnant with a B-positive baby