Chapter 19 Blood MAP Questions

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the: differential cell count. specific gravity. viscosity. packed volume. hematocrit.

Which of the following is a function of the blood? defense against toxins and pathogens transport of gases transport of body heat transport of nutrients and wastes All of the answers are correct.

Plasma is closest in composition to: CSF. sterile water. interstitial fluid. isotonic saline solution. urine.

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood? 20 percent 60 percent 55 percent 30 percent 45 percent

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called: whole blood. serum. lymph. packed blood. extracellular fluid.

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from: a superficial artery. a superficial vein. a capillary. the heart. an arteriole.

Consider the following results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal? platelets — 280,000/µl hemoglobin — 10.7 g/100 ml hematocrit — 44 percent leukocytes — 8600/µl RBCs — 5.2 million/µl

When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from: the lungs. an artery. a vein. the heart. capillaries.

The most abundant component of plasma is (are) water. nutrients. ions. proteins. gases.

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be ANSWER: normovolemic. hypovolemic. hypervolemic. isovolemic. antivolemic.

The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of ANSWER: glucose. nitrogen wastes. water. electrolytes. proteins.

Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood? ANSWER: lymphocytes platelets basophils antibodies RBCs

A hematocrit provides information on ANSWER: clotting factors. blood type. formed elements abundance. plasma composition. sedimentation rate.

Approximately 45 percent of blood volume is composed of the ANSWER: clotting factors. leukocytes. formed elements. antibodies. plasma.

Jane has been taking the antibiotic chloramphenicol for a few weeks as treatment for a serious bacterial infection. There is a possibility that a future side effect of long-term antibiotic therapy could cause her to develop problems in blood cell counts. The result is ANSWER: drug resistance. aplastic anemia. autoimmune disease. thrombocytopenia. erythroblastosis.

The formed elements of blood consist of __________. ANSWER: red blood cells white blood cells platelets all of the listed responses

Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? ANSWER: hormone-binding metalloprotein apolipoprotein transport albumin steroid-binding

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones? ANSWER: hormone-binding protein gamma globulin translipin steroid-binding protein albumin

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? ANSWER: steroid-binding protein hormone-binding protein apolipoprotein transport albumin metalloprotein

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins? ANSWER: liver heart pancreas brain kidney

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are ANSWER: lipoproteins. globulins. fibrinogens. albumins. transport proteins.

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the ANSWER: lipoproteins. albumins. metalloproteins. fibrinogens. immunoglobulins.

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is ANSWER: lipoprotein C. immunoglobulin A. albumin alpha. fibrinogen. metalloprotein D.

Proteins in the blood for defense are called ANSWER: albumins. ferritins. hemosiderins. immunoglobulins. fibrinogens.

The most abundant plasma protein is ANSWER: fibrinogen. hemoglobin. transferrin. antibodies. albumin.

The plasma protein involved in blood clotting is ANSWER: albumin. antibodies. hemoglobin. transferrin. fibrinogen.

Some patients with sickle cell anemia can enjoy a normal life as long as they avoid strenuous activities. Why would this be? The misshapen plasma proteins interfere with oxygen transport. Sickled red blood cells transport too much oxygen, which cannot be used for ATP synthesis fast enough. Strenuous activities require more ATP, but the sickled red blood cells cannot supply the extra oxygen needed. Patients may end up bleeding, but because of their disorder hemostasis is greatly impaired.

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone ANSWER: angiotensin. erythropoietin. thymosin. M-CSF. renin.

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if ANSWER: red blood cells bind too much oxygen. there is insufficient heme in the hemoglobin. a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal. the diet is deficient in iron. hemolysis is prevented by a mutated gene.

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect ANSWER: an increase in red blood cell production. a rise in hematocrit. a drop in atmospheric oxygen levels. the release of erythropoietin. All of the answers are correct.

Surgical removal of the stomach could cause ANSWER: leukocytosis. thrombocytopenia. jaundice. hemophilia. pernicious anemia.

The average life span of a red blood cell is ANSWER: 4 months. 1 month. 24 hours. about 1 year. many years.

The function of red blood cells is to ANSWER: defend the body against infectious organisms. carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells. carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide. carry oxygen from the cells to the lungs. carry carbon dioxide from the lungs to the body's cells.

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the ANSWER: thymus. liver. red bone marrow. yellow bone marrow. spleen.

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of ANSWER: iron. calcium. sodium. copper. magnesium.

Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as ANSWER: ferritin. hemosiderin. transferrin. hemosiderin and ferritin. hemoglobin.

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced. ANSWER: Leukopenia Thrombocytopenia Polycythemia Leukemia Anemia

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by ANSWER: blood transfusion. injections of vitamin B12. injections of iron. oral doses of iron. oral doses of vitamin B12.

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because ANSWER: the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin. hemoglobin has leaked from the blood into the injury and hemoglobin has a green color. dead white blood cells accumulate at the site of injury. bilirubin from iron recycling has built-up in the bruise. red blood cells are green when they leave circulation.

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the ANSWER: liver. bone marrow. spleen. digestive tract. spleen, liver, and bone marrow.

In adults, red bone marrow is located in the ANSWER: sternum and ribs. body of vertebrae. proximal epiphyses of long bones. iliac crest. All of the answers are correct.

The process of red blood cell production is called ANSWER: erythropoiesis. erythrocytosis. erythropenia. hemocytosis. hematopenia.

Soon after donating 0.5 liters of blood, one would expect ANSWER: an increased reticulocyte count. an increased platelet count. an increased erythrocyte count. increased levels of clotting factors. an increased neutrophil count.

Blood type is identified primarily by ANSWER: the Kahn blood group. the Rh blood group. the HB blood system. the ABO blood group. both the ABO and Rh blood groups

Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________. ANSWER: erythrogens; antibiotics T-cells; B-cells agglutinogens; agglutinins agglutinins; agglutinogens serum; plasma

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn? ANSWER: mother Rh negative, baby Rh negative mother type A+, baby type O+ mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive mother Rh positive, baby Rh negative None of the answers is correct.

Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma. ANSWER: anti-Rh anti-B anti-A anti-D anti-O

The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called ANSWER: hemostasis. areolation. vascularization. agglutination. coagulation.

People with type O blood are considered "universal donors" for transfusions because __________. ANSWER: they usually have very strong red blood cells their blood is plentiful in A and B agglutinins their blood lacks A and B agglutinins (antibodies) their red blood cells lack A and B surface antigens

A person with a type A positive blood can safely receive blood from all of these donors EXCEPT __________. ANSWER: A negative O positive B positive A positive

Granulocytes form in ANSWER: yellow bone marrow. the intestines. the thymus. the spleen. red bone marrow.

All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are ANSWER: phagocytic. granular leukocytes. active in fighting bacterial infections. also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. important in coagulation.

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are ANSWER: eosinophils. lymphocytes. neutrophils. basophils. monocytes.

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the ANSWER: basophils. neutrophils. eosinophils. lymphocytes. monocytes.

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells. ANSWER: Neutrophils Eosinophils Lymphocytes Basophils Monocytes

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor? ANSWER: often elevated in allergic individuals adheres to collagen beneath endothelium helper cells are one type hormone that regulates white blood cell formation kills bacteria using hydrogen peroxide

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the ANSWER: neutrophils. eosinophils. monocytes. lymphocytes. platelets.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes? ANSWER: kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide adhere to collagen beneath endothelium develop into plasma cells often elevated in allergic individuals helper cells are one type

Which of the following is true of basophils? ANSWER: granules contain histamine granules contain heparin constitute about 1 percent of WBCs attract other defense cells All of the answers are correct.

An infected wound typically contains ANSWER: tissue fluids. pus. cellular debris. dead neutrophils. All of the answers are correct.

Eosinophils function in ANSWER: production of heparin. antibody production. production of surface antigens for red blood cells. blood coagulation. destroying antibody-labeled antigens.

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of ANSWER: eosinophils. neutrophils. reticulocytes. thrombocytes. basophils.

Jane has Type A blood; therefore, she ANSWER: has antibodies to B agglutinogens. can receive blood from other people with Type A blood only. has B antigen on her RBCs. can give blood to other people with Type A blood only. makes anti-A without ever having been exposed to Type A blood.

Antihistamines would work best against which type of WBC? ANSWER: basophil monocyte neutrophil eosinophil

The white blood cell type that most rapidly increases in number after a bacterial infection is the __________. ANSWER: neutrophils basophils lymphocytes eosinophils

RBC, WBC, and platelets all constitute what part of whole blood? ANSWER: plasma plasma proteins formed elements serum

What other common blood test would have provided information about the level of formed elements a person has? ANSWER: hemoglobin plasma analysis differential hematocrit

The hematologist diagnoses Jasmine with aplastic anemia, a serious red bone marrow failure. Jasmine's hemopoietic marrow was replaced by adipose tissue, and no red cells, white cells, or platelets are being produced. To produce platelets, myeloid stem cells have to differentiate into what kind of cell? ANSWER: progenitor cells reticulocytes blast cells megakaryocyte

The function of platelets is to assist in the ANSWER: transport of blood gases such as oxygen. destruction of bacteria. removal of worn out red blood cells. immune response during an infection. process called hemostasis.

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called ANSWER: myeloblasts. megakaryocytes. lymphoblasts. normoblasts. erythroblasts.

Platelets are ANSWER: red cells that lack a nucleus. blue cells that have a nucleus. cytoplasmic fragments of large cells. large cells with a prominent, concave nucleus. tiny cells with a polynucleus.

Which of the following statements is true about platelets? ANSWER: The spleen is a storage organ for a large platelet population. Platelets clump together at a site of injury. Platelets are not cells. Platelets live for less than two weeks. All of the answers are correct.

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. ANSWER: Retraction The platelet phase Vascular spasm Coagulation Fibrinolysis

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the ANSWER: sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. release of heparin from the liver. release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. activation of Factor VII exposed to collagen.

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the ANSWER: sticking of platelets to each other. activation of Factor XII by platelet factors. release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. release of heparin from the liver. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the ANSWER: activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. activation of Factor X, production of prothrombin activator. release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. sticking of platelets to damaged tissue.

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is ANSWER: plasmin. thrombin. fibrinase. phosphokinase. heparin

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of ANSWER: thrombocytopenia. starvation. acidosis. anemia. hemorrhage.

A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to ANSWER: recruit neutrophils to an infection. initiate clot formation. cause clot dissolution to proceed faster. cause clots to form faster. mimic heparin.

How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation? ANSWER: More blood cells would be produced. Coagulation would be prevented. There would be no important effect because magnesium can substitute for calcium. The coagulation pathway would be more sensitive to activation. Coagulation would occur only in Rh positive individuals.

A moving blood clot is called a(n) ANSWER: thrombus. embolus. plaque. procoagulant. platelet plug.

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme ANSWER: plasmin. factor VIII. thrombin. prothrombinase. fibrinogen-converting enzyme.

A digestive disorder that impairs a person's ability to absorb vitamin K will result in ANSWER: low levels of thromboplastin. low levels of prothrombin. prolonged bleeding. low levels of Factor X. All of the answers are correct.

The phase of hemostasis that involved clotting of blood is called ANSWER: hemolysis. diapedesis. coagulation. vascular spasm. a platelet plug.