Blood

What is the average normal pH range of blood? 7.75-7.85 7.35-7.45 8.35-8.45 4.65-4.75

Which of the following is not a distribution function of blood? transport of metabolic wastes from cells delivery of oxygen to body cells transport of hormones to their target organs transport of salts to maintain blood volume

Which of the following is a protective function of blood? maintenance of adequate fluid volume maintenance of body temperature maintenance of normal pH in body tissue prevention of blood loss

Embolus

Anemia

Thrombocytopenia

Polycythemia

Leukemia

Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis? an increased number of RBCs hypoxia of EPO-producing cells decreased tissue demand for oxygen moving to a lower altitude

No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ________. eosinophils basophils monocytes neutrophils

Which of the following is not a structural characteristic that contributes to erythrocyte gas transport functions? hemoglobin containing-sack mitotically active biconcave shape produces energy anaerobically

A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and causing an appearance of large pale cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of ________. aplastic anemia pernicious anemia polycythemia sickle-cell anemia

Platelets ________. have a life span of about 120 days have multiple nuclei stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break are the precursors of leukocytes

Which of the following would not be a possible cause of sickling of red blood cells in someone with sickle-cell anemia? sleeping in a well-ventilated room vigorous exercise travel at high altitude malaria and travel at high altitude

Complications of aplastic anemia generally do not include ________. suppressed immunity impaired formation of all formed elements increase of leukocytes as a result of erythrocyte loss bleeding disorders

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production? kidney liver pancreas brain

Which sequence is correct for the following events? 1. fibrinogen ? fibrin 2. clot retraction 3. formation of thromboplastin 4. prothrombin ? thrombin 3, 4, 1, 2 4, 3, 1, 2 3, 2, 1, 4 1, 2, 3, 4

Why would there be cause for concern if a young pregnant mother is Rh-, her husband is Rh+, and this is their second child? If the second child is Rh+ and the mother did not take RhoGAM, there is a chance that the child will develop hemolytic jaundice and die before birth. If the second child is Rh+ and the mother did not take RhoGAM, there is a chance that the child will develop erythroblastosis fetalis and die before birth. If the second child is Rh+ and the mother did not take immunosuppressants, there is a chance that the child will develop hemolytic jaundice and die before birth. There should be no concern, as antibodies do not cross the placenta. If the second child is Rh+ and the mother did not take immunosuppressants, there is a chance that the child will develop erythroblastosis fetalis and die before birth.

An individual who is blood type AB negative can ________. donate to types A, B, and AB, but not to type O receive types A, B, and AB, but not type O donate to all blood types in moderate amounts receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with the Rh antigen

When neither anti-A serum nor anti-B serum cause clumping (agglutination) of donor cells on a slide, the blood type is ________. AB B A O

Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean? His blood lacks Rh factor. Antibodies to A and B are present in the red cells. There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma. He can only receive blood from a donor who is AB positive.

When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother? if the child is Rh+ if the child is type O positive if the father is Rh+ if the father is Rh-

Athletes who choose to use industry-produced EPO as a performance-enhancing drug to increase the effects of their naturally-produced EPO, will experience ______. decreased production of EPO by their kidneys decreased erythropoiesis decreased reticulocyte counts None of the listed responses is correct.

The primary source of RBCs in the adult human being is the bone marrow in the shafts of the long bones. True False

Each hemoglobin molecule can transport two molecules of oxygen. True False

Diapedesis is the process by which red blood cells move into tissue spaces from the interior of blood capillaries. True False

Basophils increase in number when parasitic invasion occurs. True False

Leukopenia is an abnormally low number of leukocytes. True False

Granulocytes called neutrophils are phagocytic and are the most numerous of all white blood cell types. True False

All lymphocytes are leukocytes, but not all leukocytes are lymphocytes. True False

Myelocytic leukemia involves a cancerous condition of lymphocytes. True False

The __________ is the fluid portion of the blood. buffy coat plasma hemoglobin hematocrit

In a centrifuged sample of blood, what makes up the buffy coat? white blood cells and platelets red blood cells platelets only plasma

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? regulation distribution hormone production protection

The main protein in blood plasma is __________. hemoglobin albumin plasmin erythropoietin

All of the following can be expected with polycythemia except ________. high hematocrit increased blood volume high blood pressure low blood viscosity

In adults, red blood cell production occurs in __________. the thymus the liver yellow bone marrow red bone marrow

Which of the following does NOT stimulate erythrocyte production? hyperventilating a drop in normal blood oxygen levels erythropoietin testosterone

Which of the following is correctly matched? aplastic anemia: results from excessive blood loss hemorrhagic anemia: red blood cells rupture hemolytic anemia: results from inadequate iron intake pernicious anemia: results from a vitamin B12 deficiency

Which of the formed elements contains hemoglobin and transports respiratory gases? erythrocytes agranular leukocytes granular leukocytes platelets

Which leukocyte functions in phagocytizing bacteria? neutrophil lymphocyte eosinophil basophil

Bilirubin is cleared from the body by __________. the spleen the kidneys the liver the pancreas

An abnormal excess of erythrocytes is called __________. thalassemia sickle-cell anemia polycythemia leukocytosis

A person who lacks agglutinogens A and B would have blood type __________. A AB B O

Which of the following scenarios could result in HDN (hemolytic disease of the newborn)? O+ female pregnant with a B+ baby AB- female pregnant with an AB- baby A+ female pregnant with a B- baby B- female pregnant with an AB+ baby

What protein involved in coagulation provides the scaffolding for tissue repair? fibrin prothrombin activator thrombin fibrinogen

Choose the compatible transfusion. Donate type AB blood to a recipient with type B blood. Donate type B blood to a recipient with type O blood. Donate type A blood to a recipient with type B blood. Donate type O blood to a recipient with type AB blood.

Which ABO blood type is considered to be the universal donor? A AB O B

Which of the following does NOT serve as a site for blood cell production in the developing fetus? liver spleen intestines red bone marrow

Which of these represents the majority of whole blood by volume? platelets plasma erythrocytes leukocytes

What is a hematocrit? Hematocrit is the percentage of plasma in a whole blood sample. Hematocrit is the percentage of all formed elements in a whole blood sample. Hematocrit is the percentage of leukocytes and platelets in a whole blood sample. Hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample.

Which of these is true of the materials making up the buffy coat in centrifuged blood? They are intermediate in density between erythrocytes and plasma. They are denser then plasma and erythrocytes. They are denser than erythrocytes but less dense than plasma. They are less dense than both erythrocytes and plasma.

Which of the following is NOT regulated by the blood? fluid volume nutrient levels pH level body temperature

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? protection regulation distribution hormone production

Which of the following is NOT a formed element in whole blood? platelets albumin erythrocytes leukocytes

In a centrifuged sample of blood, what should NOT be in the plasma portion of the sample? albumin fibrinogen electrolytes platelets

Which plasma constituent is the main contributor to clotting? alpha globulins fibrinogen beta globulins albumin

Which of the formed elements is present in the greatest concentration? platelets granular leukocytes agranular leukocytes erythrocytes

Which of the following is true of the structure of an erythrocyte? Erythrocytes can bend and twist to fit through vessels. Erythrocytes are larger than other cells in the blood. Erythrocytes are cell fragments. Erythrocytes are nucleated cells.

What is the name of the protein found in erythrocytes that transports respiratory gases? albumin antibodies fibrinogen hemoglobin

What triggers erythropoietin (EPO) production to make new red blood cells? too many platelets reduced availability of oxygen a high hematocrit excess oxygen in the bloodstream

Which part of the hemoglobin molecule binds carbon dioxide for transport? amino acids of the globin iron spectrin heme group

How many oxygen molecules can be transported by one hemoglobin molecule? four eight two

What is the complete hemoglobin molecule composed of? heme groups and polypeptide chains (globins) heme groups and iron ions polypeptide chains (globins), heme groups, and iron ions iron ions and polypeptide chains (globins)

What part of the body does erythropoietin (EPO) target to increase erythropoiesis? kidneys bone marrow lungs liver

What part of the hemoglobin molecule is eventually metabolized to stercobilin in the feces? iron transferrin globin a portion of the heme group

What erythrocyte production disorder results from an autoimmune disease associated with vitamin B12 absorption? hemorrhagic anemia pernicious anemia aplastic anemia renal anemia

Suppose that an individual injects himself with erythropoietin in order to raise his level of endurance, an act that is usually illegal in competitive sports. Which of the following could result? decreased blood viscosity reduced tendency for blood to clot polycythemia a lower hematocrit

Mature erythrocytes lack a nucleus. True False

Choose the statement that is true concerning hemoglobin. When hemoglobin is not bound to oxygen, it appears blue. It is composed of four protein chains and four heme groups. It can bind a maximum of three oxygen molecules. It is found in the plasma portion of blood.

Which of the following does NOT stimulate erythrocyte production? erythropoietin a drop in normal blood oxygen levels hyperventilating testosterone

Bilirubin is created when red blood cells are recycled. How is it removed from the blood stream? the kidneys the liver the spleen the pancreas

Which of the following is correctly matched? pernicious anemia: results from a vitamin B12 deficiency hemolytic anemia: results from inadequate iron intake hemorrhagic anemia: red blood cells rupture aplastic anemia: results from excessive blood loss

Abnormally low levels of erythrocytes are called __________. sickle-cell anemia polycythemia hemorrhagic anemia thalassemia

Athletes who choose to use industry-produced EPO as a performance-enhancing drug to increase the effects of their naturally-produced EPO, will experience ______. decreased production of EPO by their kidneys decreased erythropoiesis decreased reticulocyte counts None of the listed responses is correct.

When a person has an acute bacterial infection, such as bacterial meningitis or appendicitis, which type of leukocyte increases in number? basophils neutrophils lymphocytes eosinophils

Which type of leukocyte is responsible for antibody production? lymphocytes eosinophils monocytes basophils

All lymphocytes are also leukocytes. True False

Which of the following is NOT a functional characteristic of leukocytes? diapedesis leukocytosis amoeboid motion positive chemotaxis

Which leukocyte might you expect to find in higher quantities in a person experiencing allergies? eosinophil neutrophil lymphocyte basophil

Which of the following leukocyte is NOT correctly matched with its function? lymphocytes: immune response against viral infections basophils: inflammation monocytes: macrophage eosinophil: bacterial macrophage

What part of the pathway to produce platelets is shared with other formed elements? hematopoietic stem cell (hemocytoblast) reticulocyte lymphoid stem cell megakaryoblast

Which formed element can be described as cytoplasmic fragments? erythrocytes platelets lymphocytes monocytes

What factor stimulates platelet formation? erythropoietin plasmin thrombopoietin interleukin 2

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the role of platelets in hemostatic reactions? Platelets release the only chemical factors that can initiate coagulation. Platelets release chemicals that attract and bind other platelets. Platelets adhere to exposed collagen fibers. Platelets do not stick to intact endothelial cells.

During which event of hemostasis do clotting factors (procoagulants) assist with the transformation of blood from a liquid to a gel? A B C D

Which of the following would NOT lead to a bleeding disorder? excess calcium in the diet impaired liver function thrombocytopenia vitamin K deficiency

A person who lacks agglutinogen A but has agglutinogen B would have blood type __________. B AB O A

AB blood type is the universal blood recipient because of that type's lack of agglutinogens. True False

Choose the incompatible transfusion. Donate type B blood to a recipient with type AB blood. Donate type B blood to a recipient with type O blood. Donate type A blood to a recipient with type AB blood. Donate type O blood to a recipient with type AB blood.

During erythroblastosis fetalis, a Rh- mother's anti-Rh antibodies that have crossed the placenta will cause agglutination of the fetus's Rh+ RBCs. However, the reverse problem never happens when a Rh+ mother is pregnant with a Rh- fetus, that is, antibodies produced by the fetus cannot cause agglutination of the mother's Rh+ RBCs. This is true because ______. agglutinins are physically too large to pass across the placenta fetal antibodies are immature and non-functional antibodies that can cause this agglutination are not produced by a fetus the placenta is a barrier that prevents the passage of all antigens

Which statement is true? Type A blood cannot be given to people with type B blood. A person with type AB blood does produce agglutinins. Type AB is the universal donor. Type O is the universal recipient.

Which ABO blood type is considered to be the universal recipient? B O A AB