AP Human Geography Unit 1 section 5

Site: What is it? It is the physical and human transformed characteristics of a place. Physical site characteristics include: Climate, topography, soil, water sources, vegetation, and elevation. Humans transform sites to suite there needs so that the sites are part of the human mosaic, not the physical site itself.

What is it? Sequent occupance is the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place. Each contributes to the cumulative cultural landscape. As a result, we have a picture of who lived in a place and influenced its apperance, function and cultural practices.

The characterics refers to and is a synonym for relative location. It is important in determining the centrality or isolation of a place. It helps us to find an unfamiliar place by comparing its location to a place that we know.

A basic law of geography tells us that, in a spatial sense, everything is related to everything else. However, relationships are stronger when things are near one another.

What is it? It address the following question: how easy or difficult is it to surmount the barriers of time and space that separate places. Accessibility suggests connectivity What is connectivity? It is the tangible or intangible ways in which places are connected or interrelated.

Examples of tangible or intangible ways in which people or places are interrelated: telephone lines, streets, ideologies (belief systems)

What is it? It is the process of dispersion of an idea or item from a center of origin know as a 'hearth' to more distant points.

Relocation diffusion: Innovations or ideas are transported to new areas by carriers who permanently leave home for a new location. It most commonly occurs during migration.

A phenomenon spread from one pace to neighboring locations but remins in the place of origin (the hearth). Characteristics spread within a region.

Hierarchical diffusion, contagious diffusion and stimulous diffusion.

This is a type of expansion diffusion. It involves transferring the largest and most important to the smaller and less important places. It is spread of an idea that originates at a node of innovation within a region to other nodes in the hierarchy.

This is a type of expansion diffusion. It is the wide spread diffusion of a characteristic throughout a population (as with a disease). It is tracked across time and space.

This is also a type of expansion diffusion. It is the spread of an underlying principal even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to difuse. Example: principals pioneered by Apple computers, like the use of a mouse incorporated into IBM compatible windows systems. However, the sale of Apple computers has declined.

Spatial distribution: spatial distribution is the arrangement of things on Earth's surface. Example: Population distribution across Earth is clustered in many places in nearly non-existant in other, less hospitable places. *Patterns are created*

Concentration is the extent of a features's spread over an area. Clustered: close together Dispersed: far apart

Is the number of anything within a defined area. It remians the same no matter how the items are distributed. Example: There are 100 people living in an area that is 10 mile square. What is the population of density? 10

It involves the flow and movement between and or among places.

It refers to the assumed increasing interconnection of all parts of the world as a full range of social, cultural, politcal and economic processes becomes international in scale and effect. Examples: Apple, Facebook, Coke

In order for spatial interaction to take place between 2 locations, there must be some reason for it. often this is based on factors of supply and demand. The 2 places have something to exchange or trade with each other. It exists when 2 regions through an exchange of raw materials and or finished products specifically satisfy each others demands. If the U.S produces computers and Ecuador produces bananas, then we have the basis for trade in these two items. Example: The U.S. is not likely to develop a banana indutry because of the climate.

This refers to the ability to move an item from one place to another. This can reflect costs and the ability of an item to make a move. Example: Europe is closer to the U.S. now that we have jet aircrafts. Misc: transferability is constantly changing, especially given the introduction of new technologies. The idea of a shrinking world in which transportation and communication times are much faster is time space convergence. The great aceleration of this process is known as Time Space Compression.

It refers to the greatly accelerated movement of goods, information, and ideas during the 20th century. It has been made possible by transportation and technological innovations.

It refers to the social and psychological effects of living in a world in which time space convergence has rapidly reached a high level of intensity.

This refers to the alternative that may affect the transferability between 2 places. It is the concept that a closer opportunity will reduce the attractiveness of a more distant alternative. Example: if Florida started producing bananas, the U.S might have to stop importing them from Central and South America.

They serve as barriers of diffusion. Because of the friction of distance, the further 2 areas are away from each other, the less likely interaction is to occur.

It is the decrease is influence of phenomenon with distance away from the places where the phenomenon are found. It is a trailing off phenomenon.