ap human geography: primate cities, rank-size rule, & city models

a city that has a population two or more times the population of the second largest city in the country and is the center of political & economic power.

-become economic, cultural and political centers. -attract factories, buisnesses and educational resources. -acts as the capital, becoming the political and administrative center. -lack equal distribution of services in the countries, citizens have to travel long distances.

athens, greece; baghdad, iraq; bogota, colombia; cairo, egypt; burnos aires, argentina; djibouti city, djibouti; georgetown, guyana; gran asuncion, paraguay; havana, cuba; jakarta, indonesia; kabul, argentina; lagos, nigeria; lima, peru; london, uk; mexico city, mexico; montevideo, uruguay; nairobi, kenya; paramaribo, suriname; paris, france; port-au-prince, haiti; prague, czech republic; santiago, chile; seoul, south korea; tallinn, estonia; vienna, austria

explains the sizes of cities in a country. a proportion of the largest city would represent the population of the second and the subsequently smaller cities.

services distributed throughout the entire country.

neighborhood of 5,000 inhabitants; social area analysis shows the social and economic make up

a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities.

this model assumes that urban areas have more than one focal point influencing land use.

— they were once separate settlements but were absorbed by growth of the urban area. — they appeared as urban growth stimulated specialization and specialized centers outside the CBD, around which complementary uses then located.

this model predicts and explains the growth patterns of North American urban spaces. Its main principle is that cities can be viewed from above as a series of concentric rings; as the city grows and expands, new rings are added and old ones change character.

— the central business district/nonresidential — zone in transition/poorest quality housing/immigrants/apartments — zone of workingmen's homes/second-generation immigrant settlement — zone of "better residences"/middle class — commuters' zone/high-class residential

represents the post-industrial city, many suburban CBDs have become specialized toward a particular sector. designed to be an improvement of the Multiple Nuclei Model ( a more modern look) identifies Self-sufficient urban areas with independent focal points that shows suburban growth

a model of the internal structure of a city in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors or wedges radiating out from the CBD. Industrial, retailing, and residential districts extend out from the CBD like wedges.

this model assumes the land use is conditioned by transportation routes radiating outward from a city center.

multiple nuclei model

burgess concentric zone model

urban realms/galatic city

hoyt sector model

urban realms/galatic city

developed during the first half of the twentieth century, a period of rapid urbanization in North America. based on studies in Chicago (Burgess and Hoyt) Few Physical Boundaries (Von Thunen and Chrystaler) Focus of the models is different types of land use

chicago

the spine; wealthier people with good infrastructure

squatter settlements; unsanitary, poverty, high crime rate, crowded

colonial

created by rapid suburbinazation & creates large edge cities outside of beltways example: atlanta

a neighborhood grouping of 5000 people

statistical analysis used to identify where people of similar living standards, ethnic background, and life style live within an urban area.

poor ramshackle areas on the outside of large cities in LDCs where those that have migrated looking for jobs will cluster in poverty.

pre-colonial - traditional cities colonial- cities are many times built beside or over the traditional cites. designed to project power and exploit resources. the spanish is built in a grid pattern. since independence- in many cities (especially Latin America) wealthy residents push from the CBD along a narrow "spine", reason being this area has the best available infrastructure.

a concentration of business, shopping, and entertainment outside a traditional downtown (or central business district) in what had previously been a residential or rural area

a rapidly growing, sprawling city of 100,000 or more on the edge of a major metropolitan area

an area outside the typically denser inner suburban area of a metropolitan area, which has an economic and commuting connection to the metro area, low housing density and growth

poorly planned development of neighborhoods that do not touch, leaving a swiss cheese effect on the landscape

mass movement to the suburbs

a program of land redevelopment often used to address urban decay in cities. the clearing out of blighted areas in inner cities to clear out slums and create opportunities for higher class housing, businesses and more

re-dedication of land in an urban environment, usually open space, to new construction

powerlines, schools, water, sewage, roads/transportation, police, communication lines, things needed to function

ordinance is a written regulation and law that defines how property in a specific geographic zones can be used. Zoning ordinances specify whether zones can be used for residential or commercial purposes, and may also regulate lot size, placement, bulk (density) and the height of structures