APHG12

1) The area of the city where retail and office activities historically were clustered was the A) central business district. B) central city. C) urbanized area. D) metropolitan statistical area. E) hub.

2) Retail activities which tend to concentrate in the CBD include those which have A) a low threshold. B) a low range. C) service for office workers. D) a need for rapid transportation. E) all of the above

3) The CBD attracts offices primarily because of its A) high accessibility. B) high land costs. C) more intensive land use. D) construction of skyscrapers. E) access to manufacturing facilities.

4) Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of A) competition for limited space. B) high threshold and range. C) less intensive land use. D) construction of skyscrapers. E) lack of residential space.

5) As a result of high land costs, the American CBD is characterized by A) less intensive land use. B) construction of skyscrapers. C) sprawl. D) high threshold and range. E) reuse of existing buildings.

6) What activity tends to locate on the street-level floor of a skyscraper in a typical North American CBD? A) government B) industrial C) office D) retail E) education

7) European CBDs are similar to those in North America because they both contain A) retail and office activities. B) extensive residential areas. C) skyscrapers. D) structures inherited from medieval times. E) high density residential space.

8) A land use typically excluded from a North American CBD is A) government. B) industrial. C) office. D) retail. E) B and C

9) Public transportation is better suited for commuting to the CBD primarily because A) it is less expensive. B) each traveler takes up less space. C) commuters desire to use it. D) the population of the CBD has declined. E) private transportation is prohibited.

10) Because so few people live in the CBD, urban areas are characterized by a high degree of A) blockbusting. B) commuting. C) threshold. D) skyscrapers. E) restrictive zoning.

11) Which of the following is a cultural reason for establishing a settlement? A) religion B) politics C) manufacturing D) family protection E) all of the above

12) The most likely religious reason for the origin of settlements was a place to A) bury the dead. B) educate children. C) protect the group's assets. D) house the ruler. E) celebrate seasonal festivals.

13) The most important political reason for the origin of settlements was a place to A) bury the dead. B) educate children. C) protect the group's assets. D) house the ruler. E) celebrate seasonal festivals.

14) Economic reasons for settlements include which of the following? A) warehousing B) trading C) manufacturing D) defense E) All of the above

15) Residents of rural settlements are more likely than residents of urban settlements to work in A) agriculture. B) manufacturing. C) services. D) education. E) all of the above

16) Rural settlements differ from urban settlements primarily according to which type of activity? A) cultural B) economic C) political D) religious E) educational

17) A place where farm buildings, homes, and churches are found close together is what kind of settlement? A) urban B) linear C) dispersed rural D) clustered rural E) primordial

18) Most people in the world live in what type of settlement? A) clustered rural B) dispersed rural C) urban settlement D) metropolitan area E) primordial

19) The French long-lot system was developed primarily because of A) collective land ownership. B) common grazing land. C) inheritance laws. D) need for access to a river. E) long distance between farms.

20) The most significant impact on the rural landscape of Great Britain's enclosure movement was to A) encourage a dispersed rural settlement pattern. B) reinforce the traditional clustered rural settlement pattern. C) discourage urbanization. D) increase rural population. E) all of the above

21) The most significant anticipated benefit of the enclosure movement was to A) destroy traditional village life. B) promote agricultural efficiency. C) replace abandoned villages with new farmsteads. D) discourage urbanization. E) all of the above

22) Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America? A) Middle Atlantic B) New England C) Southeast D) Coastal margins E) all of the above

23) The plantation was a common form of rural settlement in which region of colonial America? A) Middle Atlantic B) New England C) Southeast D) Coastal margins E) all of the above

24) The fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century A. D. brought about what change in urban settlements? A) development of city-states B) rapid urbanization C) reduction in urban population D) revival of urban life E) increased trade

25) The typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by the A) dispersal of palaces, churches, and other important buildings throughout the town. B) placement of buildings around a central market square. C) demolition of ancient walls surrounding the town. D) provision of parks and open space surrounding important churches. E) broad avenues in residential districts.

26) The city-state is an example of A) an early form of urban settlement. B) a state dominated by its major city. C) a functional region. D) a local government of the Roman Empire. E) diffuse political functions.

27) Which of the following is not primarily a Consumer Service? A) professional services B) retail services C) education services D) health services E) hospitality services

28) Business services provide what kind of services? A) diffusion and distribution of services B) services to businesses C) services for the wellbeing of individuals D) security and protection E) product sales

29) The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian

30) The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian

31) The minimum number of people needed to support a service is A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian

32) In a linear community, the best location for a service is the A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian

33) According to the gravity model, the potential use of a service at a location is related A) directly to population and inversely to distance. B) directly to distance and inversely to population. C) directly to both population and distance. D) inversely to both distance and population. E) to the presence of other services.

34) The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas is A) a circle. B) a hexagon. C) a square. D) a pentagon. E) an octagon.

35) Larger settlements are A) more numerous and closer together. B) more numerous and farther apart. C) less numerous and farther apart. D) less numerous and closer together. E) more numerous and evenly dispersed.

36) If a country follows the rank-size rule, if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants, how many people live in the fifth largest city? A) 50,000 B) 100,000 C) 200,000 D) 500,000 E) 5,000,000

37) If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, the country follows what distribution? A) central place B) economic base C) primate city D) rank-size E) equidistant

38) Why is the absence of a rank-size distribution significant in a country like Romania? A) Consumers do not all have access to goods and services. B) The capital city Bucharest is a primate city. C) Consumers do not have to travel far for goods and services. D) Consumers are less likely to take buses to obtain goods and services. E) Central planning improved settlement distribution.

39) A market area is a good example of what kind of region? A) cultural B) formal C) functional D) uniform E) diverse

40) A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a A) basic industry. B) functional classification. C) nonbasic industry. D) primate city. E) consumer service.

41) Attracting a new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it A) changes the community's functional classification. B) stimulates new nonbasic industries. C) disrupts the central place hierarchy. D) changes the nation's rank-size distribution of settlements. E) replaces obsolete industry.

42) The hierarchical organization of settlements by size is known as the A) primate city. B) economic base. C) gravity model. D) rank-size rule. E) nesting of settlements.

43) A primate city is A) a city with political, economic, and cultural functions. B) at least twice as large as the next smaller city. C) the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese. D) a rapidly growing city. E) the center of gravity for a hinterland.

44) A central place is a A) hinterland. B) market center. C) range of a good. D) rank-size distribution. E) circular settlement.

45) Which of the following is a basic economic activity? A) video rental store B) grocery store C) gas station D) steel mill E) travel agency

46) One of the most important basic activities in the southern Great Lakes region is A) manufacturing of durable goods. B) manufacturing of textiles. C) entertainment and recreation facilities. D) government and education. E) high technology services.

47) LDCs specialize in what two types of business services? A) management consulting and staff training B) regional command and control centers C) biotechnology and medical research D) entertainment and recreation E) offshore financial and back office

48) What factors determine where back office services will locate in LDCs? A) political stability and cultural diversity B) market threshold and service range C) military training and proximity to command and control centers D) low wage rates and workers who can speak English E) tax advantages and bank secrecy laws

49) What technical development has allowed back office services to relocate to LDCs? A) telecommunications B) standard time zones C) improved public health services in tropical countries D) financial market reforms E) effective trademark enforcement

50) Recent decades have seen greatest employment increases in which consumer service sector? A) transportation B) retail C) health D) entertainment E) temporary employment