Adolescence Chapter 10

constructivist approach

direct instruction approach

top-dog phenomenon

authoritative strategy of classroom management

authoritarian strategy of classroom management

permissive strategy of classroom management

jigsaw classroom

multicultural education

learning disabilities

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

public law 94-142

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

least restrictive environment (LRE)

inclusion

adolescents who are gifted

The two main approaches to student learning are constructivist and A) deconstructivist. B) instrumental. C) direct instruction. D) cooperative.

Which of the following statements regarding the constructivist view of student learning is TRUE? A) It is learner-centered. B) Individuals actively construct their knowledge. C) Teachers are guides to learning. D) All of these are true.

In Mr. Durgan's U.S. history class, students work in teams to explore, research, and present a topic to the class. They can choose from a list of topics or propose a topic to the teacher for approval. Mr. Durgan serves as their guide and mentor for the project. This is an example of A) the constructivist approach to learning. B) the jigsaw classroom. C) direct instruction. D) an open education approach.

4. An important goal in the direct instruction approach to learning is A) collaboration. B) maximizing student learning time. C) the development of critical thinking skills. D) none of these.

Which of the following statements regarding the direct approach to learning is NOT true? A) It is a student-centered approach. B) It is a teacher-centered approach. C) It is a passive approach. D) It emphasizes time on academic tasks.

Ms. Carter teaches a high-school civics class. She lectures and uses PowerPoint slides to illustrate her main points, has the students memorize key facts, and keeps the students focused on the material. Ms. Carter is using which approach to learning? A) critical thinking B) nontraditional C) direct instruction D) constructivist

One of the criticisms of the direct instruction approach to learning is that it A) is boring for the learners. B) focuses too much on the development of critical thinking and not enough of the content of the discipline. C) turns children into passive learners. D) wastes valuable class time.

No Child Left Behind places responsibility for student learning primarily on A) the federal government. B) individual towns and communities. C) the states. D) teachers' unions.

All of the following are areas of competency in which students are required by the No Child Left Behind Act to be regularly tested EXCEPT A) social studies. B) math. C) science. D) English and language arts.

Which of the following is a criticism of No Child Left Behind? A) Using a single test score represents a narrow aspect of students' skills. B) Teachers spend too much time "teaching to the test." C) It limits ability to develop higher-level thinking skills. D) All of these are criticisms.

The transition to middle school or junior high school is stressful because A) students have less independence than they did in elementary school. B) students have to shift to a team-oriented approach. C) students have too many subjects from which to select their courses. D) many changes are taking place at the same time.

Employers expect employees to have all of the following basic skills EXCEPT the ability to A) communicate effectively both verbally and in writing. B) do basic geometry. C) read at relatively high levels. D) solve semi-structured problems.

Which of the following statements regarding high school dropouts is TRUE? A) Females are more likely to drop out of school than males. B) The highest drop-out rate in the United States is among Latinos. C) U.S. high-school dropout rates have declined in recent years. D) The drop-out rate for Latino students has been increasing in the 21st century.

in one study, almost 50 percent of dropouts said their primary reason for leaving school was A) peer-related. B) personal. C) economic. D) school-related.

Which of the following statements regarding school dropouts is NOT true? A) Students from low-income families are more likely to drop out than those from middle-income families. B) A positive trajectory towards academic success is related to good parent-adolescent relationships in early adolescence. C) Approximately one-third of the girls who drop out do so for personal reasons. D) Almost 50 percent of students drop out due to personal problems.

Mrs. Grundy, a superintendent of schools, wants to implement strategies that will decrease the dropout rate in her district. According to research, what should Mrs. Grundy concentrate on FIRST? A) Early detection and remediation of children's learning difficulties. B) Allowing adolescents to have shorter school days so that they can work and contribute financially to their families. C) Developing comprehensive sex-education programs to decrease teen pregnancy rates. D) Developing more exciting curricula so that students won't drop out from boredom.

Which of the following statements regarding the social context of schools is NOT true? A) The school environment increases in scope and complexity as children move into middle and junior high schools. B) Adolescents socially interact with many different teachers and peers. C) Social behavior is heavily weighted towards peers, extracurricular activities, clubs, and community. D) The classroom is the social system.

Mr. Delaney encourages his students to be independent thinkers and doers, but he still monitors them and provides clear rules and regulations for his classroom. He engages his students in considerable verbal exchanges about the subject matter and displays a caring attitude towards them. Mr. Delaney has which of the following classroom management strategies? A) authoritative B) authoritarian C) semi-permissive D) laissez-faire

Students in authoritarian classrooms often develop A) passive learning habits. B) poor communication skills. C) anxiety about social comparison. D) all of these.

Students in permissive strategy classrooms have all of the following EXCEPT A) low self-control. B) considerable autonomy. C) support for developing learning skills. D) inadequate academic skills.

Which of the following factors has adolescent expert Jacquelynne Eccles identified as a problem for adolescents entering middle school or junior high school? A) Teachers become more lax at the same time that young adolescents need more structure. B) Teachers become more like surrogate parents when young adolescents need less warmth and adult interest. C) A decreased emphasis on grades makes things less stressful. D) Teachers become more controlling at a time when young adolescents are seeking more autonomy.

Which of the following teacher traits is most strongly associated with higher student achievement? A) positive teacher expectations B) enthusiasm C) ability to plan structured lessons D) poise

Which of the following statements regarding parental involvement in adolescents' schooling is TRUE? A) Most parents are fairly knowledgeable about normal adolescent development. B) Parents and teachers usually get to know each other well at the high-school level. C) Parents need to receive better information about curricular choices. D) Parents' involvement needs to decrease by the time their children are in high school.

The most frequent type of bullying is A) being belittled about looks or speech. B) having false rumors and gossip spread. C) being hit or pushed. D) none of these.

Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to be bullied? A) Tom, a ninth grader who is somewhat aggressive. B) Janet, a quiet but popular seventh grader. C) Agnes, a studious tenth grader. D) Peter, a somewhat anxious and withdrawn sixth grader.

Which of the following students is most likely to be a bully? A) Skyler, who has average grades and is fairly popular. B) Donald, who drinks alcohol and has some mild depressive symptoms. C) Evie, who is shy and socially withdrawn from her peers. D) Lisa, who is an honor student but suffers from anxiety.

Eddie lives in a housing project for low-income families. His parents both work hard, but there is little time or extra money for their children. Eddie is most likely to attend a school that has A) high expectations for students. B) inexperienced teachers. C) several state and federal grants to buy computers and other teaching technology. D) none of these.

Which of the following students is MOST likely to be enrolled in a special-education class? A) Joey, a Latino adolescent. B) Emmy, an Asian adolescent. C) Oscar, a non-Latino White adolescent. D) Greta, an exchange student from Austria.

Which students are MOST likely to be suspended from school? A) Latinos B) African Americans C) Native Americans D) non-Latino Whites

America's fastest growing minority population is A) immigrants from the former Soviet Union. B) Latinas. C) Filipinos. D) African Americans.

Ms. Robbins, a high-school guidance counselor, tells Anita, a Latina adolescent, that she should plan to go away to college. Anita is most likely to A) agree with Ms. Robbins. B) get married right out of high school and not attend college. C) want to stay close to home, due to family responsibilities. D) ask Ms. Robbins to talk to her parents about letting her move away for college.

Troy, an African American student, works in cooperation with students from a variety of backgrounds who each contribute different parts of a classroom project in order for the group to reach a common goal. Troy is participating in a A) jigsaw classroom. B) patchwork classroom. C) crossword classroom. D) router classroom.

The largest group of U.S. students to receive special education is children with A) mental retardation. B) emotional problems. C) learning disabilities. D) speech and language impairments.

ADHD is categorized as A) an emotional disturbance. B) a cognitive impairment. C) a mental illness. D) a learning disability.

A learning disability can involve all of the following EXCEPT difficulty with A) math. B) reading. C) spelling. D) music.

Individuals who have a severe impairment in their ability to read and spell have a type of learning disability known as A) dyslexia. B) dyscalculia. C) dyslogia. D) dyspepsia.

Researchers have found all of the following to be true of learning disabilities EXCEPT A) learning disabilities reside in a specific area of the brain. B) the most common learning disability involves reading. C) children and adolescents with learning disabilities often have poor handwriting. D) children and adolescents with learning disabilities often cannot match up letters and sounds.

A major concern of experts is that ADHD is being A) underdiagnosed by child psychiatrists. B) incorrectly diagnosed by school teams. C) overdiagnosed by pediatricians. D) overdiagnosed by child neurologists.

ADHD is best treated with A) medication and behavior management. B) behavior management without medication. C) stimulant medications. D) antidepressant medications.

Patrice's daughter, Amber, has a severe hearing disorder which requires that she have a sign-language interpreter in order for her to learn. When Patrice meets with the education team, she is given an educational plan that was developed for another student with mild hearing problems. This plan does not meet Amber's needs. This plan does not meet the standards of A) an IEP. B) the No Child Left Behind Act. C) an inclusion plan. D) a mainstreaming plan.

Educating a child or adolescent with special education needs in the regular classroom full-time is called A) mainstreaming. B) inclusion. C) modified education. D) supplemented education.

Adolescents who are gifted have a superior talent in some domain and/or A) are creative. B) have an above-normal average IQ, usually 130 or higher. C) are dedicated to their studies more than average children. D) all of these.

Moira, age 13, began playing the violin at age 4. Now she can play nearly as well as her father, who is a professional musician. She seems to love her music lessons, and playing the violin seems effortless for her. Moira is demonstrating a characteristic of giftedness that Ellen Winner calls A) rapid information processing. B) precocity. C) a passion to master. D) marching to her own drummer.

Linda, age 12, is gifted in art. Her parents arrange for her to take a class in sculpture at a local college, but she does not take directions from the professor very well. While other students ask for support and guidance, Linda creates her sculptures totally on her own. Linda is demonstrating a characteristic of giftedness that Ellen Winner calls A) rapid information processing. B) precocity. C) a passion to master. D) marching to her own drummer.