EDS500 Chapter 5: Learners with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

1) Professionals have become more cautious in diagnosing intellectual disabilities for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a) the stigma associated with the label. b) the belief that intellectual disabilities are a socially constructed condition. c) overrepresentation of children from ethnic minority groups. d) increasing costs associated with special education.

2) Which one of the following statements about intellectual disabilities (ID) is true? a) Designating someone as having "intellectual disabilities" has become easier. b) Professionals are in agreement that the label "mental retardation" (MR) is harmful. c) The prevailing opinions is that, for some children, intellectual disabilities are not a permanent condition. d) How well a person functions has not been shown to be related to supports available in the environment.

3) The current emphasis on adaptive behavior in defining intellectual disabilities is due to the a) influence of the learning disabilities movement. b) realization that students can be "streetwise" despite having low IQ test scores. c) rise of the disability rights movement. d) joint efforts of parents of children with intellectual disabilities.

4) Many authorities say that adaptive behavior consists of a) social intelligence and practical intelligence. b) behaviors that defy definition. c) IQ and behavior. d) skills that result in the individual's achieving a high quality of life.

5) Strategies and resources that a person requires to participate in activities associated with normative human functioning are a) scaffolds. b) normative skills. c) adaptive skills. d) supports.

6) The classification system that most school systems use to describe levels of intellectual disabilities is based on a) reading and math achievement levels. b) IQ score. c) the intensity of support needed. d) adaptive level.

7) According to the hypothetical "normal curve," approximately what percentage of the population is expected to have IQ scores between 0-70? a) 1% b) 1.27% c) 2.27% d) 5.27%

8) Current estimates place the prevalence of students identified with intellectual disabilities at approximately a) under 1%. b) 5%. c) 2.5%. d) 3.5%.

9) In recent years, the percentage of cases in which the cause of intellectual disabilities is known has dramatically increased due to a) better assessment practices by teachers. b) the mapping of the human genetic code. c) better assessment practices by family physicians. d) advances in microscopic technology.

10) A common way to categorize causes of intellectual disabilities is to consider the a) part of the brain affected. b) location at which the cause occurs. c) severity of the condition. d) time at which the cause occurs.

11) Claudia is a third grader with intellectual disabilities. She has thick epicanthal folds in the corner of her eyes, small stature, decreased muscle tone, speckling of the iris of the eye, a small oral cavity, and short, broad hands with a single palmar crease. These characteristics are typical of a) cultural-familial intellectual disabilities. b) Down syndrome. c) fetal alcohol syndrome. d) Fragile X syndrome.

12) Alzheimer's disease has been linked to which cause of intellectual disabilities? a) neurofibromatosis b) Down syndrome c) phenylketonuria (PKU) d) hydrocephalus

13) Each of the following diagnostic techniques involves the fetus EXCEPT a) amniocentesis. b) chorionic villus sampling. c) phenylketonuria (PKU) screening. d) Nuchal translucency sonogram.

14) People who have Williams syndrome a) do not pass it on to their children. b) pass it on to their male children only. c) pass it on to their female children only. d) can pass it on to each of their children, regardless of gender.

15) Fragile X syndrome occurs more often in a) females. b) twins. c) first-born offspring. d) males.

16) The most common known hereditary cause of intellectual disabilities is a) Fragile X syndrome. b) Down syndrome. c) Williams syndrome. d) Prader-Willi syndrome.

17) Jose has intellectual disabilities. As an infant, he was lethargic and had difficulty eating; however, at about one year of age he became obsessed with food. This is characteristic of a) Down syndrome. b) Williams syndrome. c) Fragile X syndrome d) Prader-Willi syndrome.

18) All states routinely screen for this before babies leave the hospital: a) Fragile X syndrome. b) phenylketonuria. c) Down syndrome. d) hydrocephalus.

19) A surgically placed shunt that drains excess fluid away from the brain is used to treat a) microcephalus. b) encephalitis. c) meningitis. d) hydrocephalus.

20) Fetal alcohol syndrome is classified as resulting from a/an a) environmental hazard. b) infection. c) genetic factor. d) chromosomal abnormality.

21) Each of the following are possible PERINATAL causes of intellectual disabilities EXCEPT a) rubella. b) syphilis. c) anoxia. d) low birth weight.

22) An infection of the covering of the brain that may be caused by a variety of bacterial and viral agents is a) syphilis. b) flu. c) meningitis. d) spina bifida.

23) Joe, a 15-year-old boy, performs about as well on an intelligence test as an average six-year-old. His IQ is about a) 25. b) 40 c) 60. d) 90.

24) Which one of the following statements about intelligence tests is TRUE? a) An individual's IQ score does not change from one testing to another. b) All IQ tests are culturally biased to a certain extent. c) The older the child, the less validity and reliability the test has. d) IQ tests are ideal for assessing a person's ability to function in society.

25) How is adaptive behavior typically assessed? a) A psychologist observes the student in the classroom. b) The student is asked to perform a series of tasks. c) A parent, teacher, or professional answers questions related to the student's behavior. d) A close friend, chosen by the student, fills out a behavior rating form

26) The ability to keep information in mind while simultaneously doing another task is a) working memory. b) passive memory. c) long-term memory. d) active memory.

27) A person's awareness of what strategies are needed to perform a task, the ability to plan how to use the strategies, and the evaluation of how well the strategies are working is a) metacognition. b) self-regulation. c) working memory. d) perception.

28) People with intellectual disabilities are likely to believe they have little control over what happens to them and that they are primarily controlled by other people and events. This belief is a) a lack of self-regulation. b) due to their histories of failure. c) due to locus of control. d) a problem with gullibility.

29) Joe tends to believe whatever he is told, even highly questionable statements or claims, despite any evidence. This tendency is a) self-deception. b) gullibility. c) unreasonable trust. d) learned helplessness.

30) A specific and characteristic behavior repertoire associated with a genetic or chromosomal disorder is a a) genetic syndrome. b) personality characteristic. c) behavioral phenotype. d) behavioral genotype.

31) In functional academics, academics are taught in the context of a) daily living skills. b) test-taking, such as the SATs. c) the general education curriculum. d) the common core state standards.

32) Using instructional prompts, consequences for performance, and strategies for transfer of stimulus control is called a) community-based instruction. b) functional instruction. c) functional academics. d) systematic instruction.

33) Pointing to an item while telling a student to pick it up is an example of a) verbal prompt. b) gestural prompt. c) modeling. d) poor instruction.

34) Research has consistently shown that students who are positively reinforced for correct responses a) learn at the same rate as when they are not reinforced. b) are susceptible to a "rebound effect," whereby punishment is ineffective. c) learn at a faster rate than when they are not reinforced. d) are highly likely to become dependent on reinforcement.

35) Systemic instruction involves the teacher working with the student in the following ways EXCEPT: a) Selecting a well-defined target behavior. b) Monitoring student performance and using that information to make changes to instruction needed. c) Teaching advanced behaviors before teaching foundational skills. d) Implementing instruction consistently with respect to such things as sequencing and prompting/cueing.

36) Which statement is TRUE? a) Instruction of daily living skills is more effective in a controlled classroom setting. b) It is easier to hold instruction in classrooms than in real-life settings. c) Instruction in daily living skills should not include instruction in classroom settings. d) There is no benefit to using real products and money when teaching daily living skills.

37) Research on classwide peer tutoring (CWPT) to help meet the instructional needs of students with mild mental retardation in inclusive settings shows that, compared to teacher-led instruction, CWPT resulted in each of the following EXCEPT a) increased academic performance for all students. b) increased amount of engaged academic time. c) increased academic performance for the students with mild ID only. d) positive acceptance from the teachers and students.

38) Each of the following is true regarding assessment of quality of life EXCEPT a) It presents challenges because it depends on individual perceptions. b) It should consider society's view of quality of life as well as an individual's level of satisfaction. c) There are no assessments to use with Spanish-speaking populations. d) Quality of life is difficult to measure.

39) The purpose of early intervention programs for children at risk for mild intellectual disabilities is a) improving parents' teaching skills. b) preventing intellectual disabilities or furthering development of children who have intellectual disabilities. c) improving family financial status through job training for parents. d) improving the quality of the children's medical care.

40) Early Childhood programs designed to enhance the development of children already identified with intellectual disabilities place a great deal of emphasis on a) transitions. b) physical therapy. c) feeding techniques. d) language and conceptual development.

41) Effective programs for transitioning students with intellectual disabilities to adulthood a) use direct instruction in reading but not math. b) focus on community adjustment and employment. c) always involve behavior modification. d) focus on mastering the general education curriculum.

42) Most professionals agree that programming for transition to adulthood for students with intellectual disabilities should begin a) at birth. b) during the elementary years. c) when students express interest in a vocation. d) when the student enters high school.

43) The ability to make personal choices, regulate one's own life, and be a self-advocate is called a) self-determination. b) self-reliance. c) self-consciousness. d) self-promotion.

44) A motivational term referring to a condition wherein a person believes that no matter how hard he or she tries, failure will result is a) outside locus of control. b) self-defeatism. c) learned helplessness. d) self-determination.

45) In person-centered planning, professionals are seen as a) working as mobilizers of resources and supports to help individuals with intellectual disabilities meet their goals. b) largely irrelevant in planning with individuals with intellectual disabilities. c) advising individuals with intellectual disabilities. d) planning everything for individuals with intellectual disabilities.

46) Researchers have found that such things as the ability to manage money, prepare meals, maintain a clean house, and keep one's clothing and self well groomed are key factors for a) functional academics. b) elementary programming. c) reaching a state of mindfulness and self-awareness. d) community adjustment.

47) Self-determination is most likely to be fostered under which of the following conditions? a) supported living b) community residential facilities c) group homes d) residential institutions

48) All of the following are true of sheltered workshops EXCEPT a) There is little, if any, integration with workers who are not disabled. b) They usually offer repetitive work and limited job-training experiences. c) They are run by business people to make a profit. d) Clients are often paid very low wages.

49) In supported competitive employment, a worker with intellectual disabilities has a competitive employment position and receives a) incentive money. b) ongoing assistance from a job coach. c) sub-minimum wage. d) pay from a social agency rather than from the employer.

50) Employment based on assessment of an individual's skills and interests is a) supported employment. b) competitive employment. c) sheltered employment. d) customized employment.