A solution of ammonia has a pH of 11.8. What is the concentration of OH- ions in the solution?
answer
6.31 x 10-3 M
question
A solution of HCl has [H+] = 0.01 M. What is the pH of this solution?
answer
2
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Consider the reaction below.
NH4+ + H2O -> NH3 + H3O+
Which is an acid-conjugate base pair?
answer
NH4+ and NH3
question
Soaps feel slippery on our hands because they dissolve the oil on our skin, decreasing friction.This is because soap contains
answer
a base.
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What is the definition of a Lewis base?
answer
a substance that donates electrons to form a covalent bond
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What type of substance reacts with limestone (CaCO3) and produces carbon dioxide gas?
answer
an acid
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An unknown substance turns blue litmus paper to red. Which additional test could be used to confirm the substance's identity?
answer
It should turn methyl orange to red because it is an acid.
question
Which description correctly characterizes the acidity or basicity of a solution?
answer
The higher the pH is, the more the hydroxide ion concentration increases and the more basic the solution becomes.
question
Lewis acids and bases are most closely associated with which process?
answer
electron transfer
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Which of the following substances is an Arrhenius acid?
answer
HCN
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Which of these correctly defines the pOH of a solution?
answer
the negative log of the hydroxide ion concentration
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Which pair of substances would most likely result in the production of a gas when reacting with an acid?
answer
metal and carbonate
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Which statement best describes the pH of pure water?
answer
It is neutral because the concentration of hydronium ions equals that of hydroxide ions.
question
What is the definition of a Lewis acid?
answer
a substance that accepts electrons to form a covalent bond
question
Consider the reaction below.
HClO3 + NH3 -> NH4+ + ClO3-
Which is a base-conjugate acid pair?
answer
NH3 and NH4+
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Which statement would indicate the presence of an acid?
answer
It reacts with active metals to form a gas.
question
A chemist lectures about the following definition for acids and bases.
The acid-base behavior is analyzed in terms of how electrons are transferred between compounds rather than in terms of how hydrogen ions are transferred.
What is the chemist defining?
answer
the Lewis concept of acids and bases
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Which statement best describes a Bronsted-Lowry base?
answer
It must accept protons to form a conjugate acid.
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What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid?
answer
A substance that increases H3O+ concentration when it is dissolved in water.
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Which statement about the self-ionization of water is correct?
answer
Two water molecules interact to form a hydronium ion and a hydroxide ion.
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Which is a characteristic of a Lewis base?
answer
It behaves as the electron donor.
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Which of the following would most likely act as a Bronsted-Lowry acid?
answer
HCN
question
Which of these correctly defines the pH of a solution?
answer
the negative log of the hydronium ion concentration
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Based on the definition of logarithms, what is the difference in hydrogen ion concentration between a substance with a pH of 2 and a substance with a pH of 3?
answer
A substance with a pH of 2 has a 10 times higher concentration of H+ than a substance with a pH of 3.
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What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid?
answer
a compound that donates protons
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What is the Arrhenius definition of a base?
answer
A substance that increases OH- concentration when it is dissolved in water.
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A substance is dissolved in water and produces hydronium ions. This occurs when hydrogen ions move from the substance to associate with water molecules. Which term best matches the behavior of this substance?
answer
Arrhenius acid
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Why is citric acid added to food?
answer
to add tartness
question
A compound accepts electrons from another substance to form a covalent bond. Which term best describes this compound's behavior?
answer
Lewis acid
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Which characteristic best identifies an Arrhenius base?
answer
It must generate hydroxide ions in water.
question
An unknown substance turns methyl orange solution red. This shows that the substance
answer
is an acid.
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An acid is a substance that increases the concentration of H3O+ ions in solution. Look at the reaction below of phenol (C6H5OH) with water:
C6H5OH(aq) + H2O(l) -> C6H5O-(aq) + H3O+(aq)
Which reactant acts as an acid by contributing a H+ ion to create H3O+ in the chemical equation?
answer
C6H5OH(aq)
question
Four different solutions (I, II, III, and IV) are labeled on the pH scale below.
mc026-1.jpg
Why would solution IV be considered the most concentrated base out of the four substances?
answer
It has the highest concentration of hydroxide ions.
question
The pH of lemon juice at 298 K is found to be 2.32. What is the concentration of H3O+ ions in the solution?
answer
4.79 x 10^-3
question
Several substances are labeled on the pH scale below.
mc025-1.jpg
Which substance has the lowest [H+] concentration but is still considered an acid?
answer
milk
question
Which of these equations correctly expresses the self-ionization of water?
answer
H2O + H2O <-> H3O+ + OH-
question
How does litmus paper identify a base?
answer
A base turns red litmus blue.
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