Chemistry chp 4

solid, liquid, or gas that contains two or more substances blended evenly throughout

a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem

the dissolved substance in a solution

a substance (such as NaCl) whose aqueous solutions contain ions

substance that does not ionize in water and cannot conduct electricity. such as (C2H22O11)

the breaking up or dissolving of something into parts; disintegration

positive ions

negative ions

-Compounds that form hydrgen ions when dissolved in water are called...

Properties of _____: Taste sour, Dissolve Metals, and Conduct electricity

a few molecular substances, have aqueous solutions that contain ions,_______are the most important of these solutions.

Any compound of which all or almost all of the dissolved solute exists as ions in aqueous solutions. Example: HCl

A compound of which a relatively small amount of the dissolved solute exists as ions in an aqueous solution. Example: Acetic acid, CH3COOH (vinegar)

a state of balance in which the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal; no net change in the amount of reactants and products occurs in the chemical system

________________are strong electrolytes

process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules

reactions taking place between two ionic compounds and resulting in two new ionic compounds that form a solid when the two solutions are mixed.

a solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction

1.2x10^-5mol of PbI2 desolvels at what temperature? "this is an exsample of solubility"

all commmon ionic compounds of the alkai metal ions (group 1A of the periodic table) and of the ammonium ion (NH4+) are_____________.

4.2 sample exercise; classify the following ionic compounds as soluble or insoluble in water: (a) sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)

4.2 sample exercise; classify the following ionic compounds as soluble or insoluble in water:(b) lead sulfate (pbSO4).

Classify the following compounds as soluble or insoluble in water: cobalt(II) hydroxide

Classify the following compounds as soluble or insoluble in water:barium nitrate

Classify the following compounds as soluble or insoluble in water:ammonium phosphate

1)noter the ions present in the reactants, 2)consider the possibel combinatins of the cations and anions, and 3) use table 4.1 to determine if any of these combinations is insoluble.

Parts of the reactant molecules change partners producing different product molecules (AB+C-->AC+B).

4.3 (predicting a metathesis reaction) (a) predict the id of the precipite that forms when solutions of BaCl2 and K2SO4 are mixed (b) write the balanced chemical equations for the reaction.

4.3 (a)what compounds precipitates when solutions of Fe2(SO4)3 and LiOH are mixed? (b)write a balanced equation for the reaction. (c) will a precipitate form when solutions of Ba(NO3)2 and KOH are mixed?

Parts of the reactant molecules change partners producing different product molecules (AB+C-->AC+B).

A reaction in which two substances react through an exchange of their component ions: AX + BY ? AY + BX. Precipitation and acid-base neutralization reactions are examples of metathesis reactions

an equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions

ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction and are found in solution both before and after the reaction

includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution

1. write a balanced molecular equation for the reaction. 2. rewrite the equation to show the ions that form in solution when each soluble strong electrolyte dissociated into its components ions."Only strong electrolytes dissolved in aqueous solution are written in ionic form."

Practice Exercise 4.1 If you were to draw diagrams (such as that shown on the left of p. 116) representing aqueous solutions of each of the following ionic compounds, how many anions would you show if the diagram contained six cations? a) NiSO4 b) Ca(NO3)2 c) Na3PO4 d) Al2(SO4)3

Sample Exercise 4.2 (p. 118) Classify the following ionic compounds as soluble or insoluble in water: a) sodium carbonate (Na2SO4) b) lead sulfate (PbSO4)

Practice Exercise 4.2 Classify the following compounds as soluble or insoluble in water: a) cobalt (II) hydroxide b) barium nitrate c) ammonium phosphate

react with acids to form CO2 gas.

cations and anions come together to form an insoluble ionic compound.

H+ ions and OH- ions come together to form H2O molecules

any chemical change in which one species loses electrons and another gains electrons also called redox reaction.

loss of electrons

the degree of oxidation of an atom or ion or molecule

for an atom in its_________, the oxidation number is always zero.

For any___________ the oxidation number equals the charge on the ion.

___________usually have negative oxidation numbers, although they can sometimes be positive.

the oxidation number of _________ is usually -2 in both ionic and molecular compounds.

the oxidation number of __________ is usually +1 when bonded to nonmetals and -1 when bonded to metals

The oxidation number of_________is -1 in all compounds.

_______________of all atoms in a neutral compound is zero. the sum of the oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion equals the charge of the ion.

moles of solute/liters of solution

_____________is the weakening (reducing the concentration) by the addition of water or a thinner

a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration is added to a known volume of a second solution until the reaction between them is just complete

a list of elements in order of decreasing activity

the______ ___ _______ decreases the concentration of the solute without changing the number of moles of solute in the solution[M(conc)xV(conc)=M(dil)xV(dil)]

the solution of known concentration

The point during a titration when the number of H+ ions and OH- ions are equal. This is at the middle of the steepest part of the titration curve.

(chemistry) a substance that changes color to indicate the presence of some ion or substance

C1xV1=C2xV2 Where: C1 = Concentration/molarity 1 V1 = Volume 1 C2 = Concentration/molarity 2 V2 = Volume 2

what are the steps to convert moles to atoms/molecules

in order to _______ ____ ______, positive ions comes before negaive ions. if the negative ions is not a polyatomic ion, add-ide to the end of the name.

what are the steps to in writing compound formulas?

what are the steps to convert mass<-->moles?

what are the steps Molecular/Formula Mass?

"My Enormous Penguin Bounces Pretty High" to remember the series of alkanes : Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane, Pentane, Hexane