Which of the following statements correctly describe ionic bonding?
answer
1) Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from the metal to the nonmetal.
2) An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions.
question
When the elements Mg and Cl form an ionic bond, Mg loses __ electron(s) from the 3s orbital to form the Mg2+ cation. Cl gains __ electron(s) in the 3p orbital to form the Cl- anion. Since the total number of electrons lost always equals the total number of electrons gained, the compound formed will contain __ Mg2+ ion(s) for every __ Cl- ion(s).
answer
2, 1, 1, 2
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Which of the following statements correctly describe the structure of an ionic compound?
answer
1) An ionic compound consists of a three-dimensional array of cations and anions.
2) The ratio of cations to anions is such that the compound is electrically neutral overall.
3) The three-dimensional arrangement of cations and anions is called a lattice.
question
The amount of energy required to separate 1 mole of ions in a crystalline solid into separate gaseous ions is called _______ energy. This energy provides a measure of the strength of a(n) _______ bond, since the stronger the bond, the _______ the amount of energy required to break it.
answer
lattice; ionic; greater
question
The lattice energy of an ionic compound tends to _______ as ionic size increases and tends to _______ as the charge of one or both of the ions increases, although the arrangement of the ions in the solid also plays a role. NaCl will, therefore, have a _______ lattice energy than NaBt but a _______ lattice energy than Na2O.
answer
decrease; increase; greater; lower
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The bond typically observed when a metal bonds to a nonmetal is the _______ bond. The metal atom _______ one or more valence electrons while the nonmetal _______ electrons.
answer
ionic; loses; gains
question
Arrange the following ionic compounds in order of decreasing lattice energy (decreasing strength of the ionic bond) based on general periodic trends. Highest lattice energy at the top of the list.
answer
1) MgO
2) Na2O
3) KBr
question
Consider the formation of an ionic bond between the elements potassium (K) and chlorine (C). Which of the following statements describe this process correctly?
answer
1) K loses one electron from its 4s orbital to form a K+ cation.
2) Both the K+ and Cl- ions have full outer shells containing 8 electrons.
3) The total number of electrons lost equals the total number of electrons gained.
question
An ionic compound consists of a three-dimensional array of cations and anions called a(n) _______.
answer
Lattice
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Which of the following statements correctly describe how to determine the charge of a monatomic ion using the periodic table?
answer
1) The charge of most transition metal cations cannot readily be predicted from the periodic table.
2) Zn always forms the Zn2+ ion.
3) Elements that form cations in Group 1 and 2 form ions with a charge equal to the group number.
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Which of the following options correctly describe lattice energy?
answer
1) Lattice energy provides a measure of the strength of an ionic bond.
2) Lattice energy is the energy required to separate 1 mol of an ionic solid into gaseous ions.
question
Which of the following factors affect the magnitude of the lattice energy for an ionic compound?
answer
1) The size of the ions
2) The charges of the ions
question
Arrange the following ionic compounds in order of increasing lattice energy (increasing strength of the ionic bond) based on general trends in lattice energy. Start with the compound that has the lowest lattice energy at the top of the list.
answer
1) CaBr2
2) MgCl2
3) Li2O
question
Main-Group Cations...
answer
the ion charge equals the group number
question
Anions...
answer
The ion charge is calculated by subtracting 8 from the last digit of the group number.
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Which statement about naming cations of main group metals is correct?
answer
When a metal forms a cation, the word ion is added to the name, without changing the name of the metal.
question
The compound MgS is correctly named magnesium _______.
answer
Sulfide
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Consider the formula for the ionic compound Na2O. Which of the following statements correctly interpret this formula?
answer
1) The compound contains 2 Na+ ions for every O2- ion.
2) The cation in this compound is Na+.
question
How is a monatomic main group cation properly named?
answer
By adding the word ion to the name of the element
question
Which of the following formulas for ionic compounds are correct?
answer
1) Ca3N2
2) CaO
3) Na2S
question
Which of the following statements correctly describe how to name an ionic compound?
answer
1) The cation is named first and the anion second.
2) For a monatomic anion, the element name is changed to end in -ide.
question
Fluorine forms the _______ ion.
answer
Fluoride
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Chlorine forms the _______ ion.
answer
Chloride
question
The compound Cu2O is correctly named _______.
answer
copper(I) oxide
question
Which of the following statements correctly describe the format used to represent an ionic compound?
answer
1) The number of atoms/ions in the formula is indicated by a subscript.
2) Subscripts in the formula for an ionic compound are always reduced to the simplest ratio.
3) In the formula of an ionic compound the cation is always placed first.
question
When naming a binary ionic compound, the _______ is always named first and the _______ second. To name the anion, the root of the nonmetal name is added to the suffix -___. The anion O2- is therefore named _______.
answer
cation; anion; ide; oxide
question
The ionic compound CrCl_3 is correctly named _______.
answer
chromium (III) chloride
question
Consider the formula for the ionic compound Na2O. Which of the following statements correctly interpret this formula?
answer
1) The compound contains 2 Na+ ions for every O2- ion.
2) The cation in this compound is Na+.
question
How is a monatomic main group cation properly named?
answer
By adding the word ion to the name of the element.
question
What is the correct name of the ionic compound Li3N?
answer
lithium nitride
question
Which of the following statements correctly describe the general characteristics of a covalent bond?
answer
1) The covalent bond involves the attraction between the nucleus of each atom and the electrons of the other.
2) A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms.
question
Which of the following statements correctly describe how to name an ionic compound?
answer
1) For a monatomic anion, the element name is changed to end in -ide.
2) The cation is named first and the anion second.
question
Which of the following statements correctly defines a molecule?
answer
A molecule is an independent structure consisting of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
question
The compound Cu_2O is correctly named _______.
answer
copper (I) oxide
question
Which of the following statements correctly describe the format used to represent an ionic compound?
answer
1) The number of atoms/ions in the formula is indicated by a subscript.
2) Subscripts in the formula for an ionic compound are always reduced to the simplest ratio.
3) In the formula of an ionic compound the cation is always placed first.
question
Which of the following options are correct names for ionic compounds?
answer
1) potassium chloride
2) copper (II) oxide
question
The bonds formed between two nonmetals, which are usually very similar in their tendency to lose or gain electrons, is a(n) _______ bond. This bond involves the _______ of one or more electron pairs between the two atoms.
answer
covalent; sharing
question
A molecule is an independent structure composed of two or more atoms chemically ______ together. A molecule composed of two atoms of the same element is called a homonuclear _______ molecule.
answer
bonded; diatomic
question
Each element in a given compound compromises a fixed percent by _______ of the compound. This observation is summarized by the law of definite _______.
answer
mass; proportions
question
What is the correct name of the ionic compound Li_3N?
answer
lithium nitride
question
The _______ formula shows the exact number of atoms of each element in one molecule of compound.
answer
molecular
question
P_2 and P_4 are _______ of phosphorus, two distinct forms of the same element.
answer
allotropes
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In a given chemical compound, the component _______ are present in _______ proportions by mass, regardless of the source of the compound.
answer
elements; fixed
question
Molecular Formula
answer
Element symbols with numerical subscripts to give the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
question
Structural Formula
answer
shows the relative placement and connections of atoms in the molecule with either pairs of dots for electrons or a line to represent the bonds
question
ball and stick model
answer
Shows the atoms as balls and the bonds as sticks with the angles between the bonds accurate
question
space-filling model
answer
Shows an accurately scaled image of the molecule with spheres giving the relative size of the atoms, angles, and distance between nuclei
question
Which of the following statements correctly describe a molecular formula?
answer
1) Subscripts in the molecular formula indicate the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of the compound.
2) The molecular formula CH_4 represents a molecule that contains 1 carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms.
question
Empirical Formula
answer
the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
question
When naming a molecular compound, the number of _______ of each element is indicated by a Greek numerical prefix. The first element in the name is numbered only when more than _______ atom of that element is present.
answer
atoms; one
question
Greek numerical prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of a particular element present in a molecular compound. Four atoms of the same element will be named with the prefix _______, while the prefix _______ is used to indicate two atoms of the same element.
answer
tetra-;di-
question
Alkanes are organic compounds that contain the elements _______ and _______.
answer
carbon; hydrogen
question
Which of the following statements correctly describe how to name a binary molecular compound?
answer
1) The second element is named with its root and the suffix -ide.
2) The name of the first element remains unchanged, except for the addition of a prefix where appropriate.
3) A Greek numerical prefix is used to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the compound.
question
Which of the following options correctly describe a polyatomic ion?
answer
1) The atoms of a polyatomic ion are held together by covalent bonds.
2) The charge on a polyatomic ion belongs to the whole unit.
question
OH-
answer
Hydroxide
question
NO2-
answer
Nitrite
question
NO3-
answer
Nitrate
question
PO_4^3-
answer
Phosphate
question
NH_4^+
answer
Ammonium
question
Which of the following formulas for ionic compounds are written correctly?
answer
CaCO_3
Mg_3(PO_4)_2
NaNO_3
question
Which of the following compounds are organic?
answer
C_7H_16
C_2H_6O
question
Select the statements that correctly describe naming an oxoanion.
answer
1) An oxoanion containing two fewer oxygen atoms than the -age ion is called the hypo...ite ion.
2) An oxoanion containing one more oxygen atom than the -ate ion will have the prefix per- added.
question
A unit that contains two or more atoms covalently bonded together but that has an overall charge is called __ ion. Many __ compounds contain such units
answer
polyatomic; ionic
question
What is the correct systematic name for the compound Na_2CO_3?
answer
sodium carbonate
question
ClO_4^-
answer
Perchlorate
question
ClO_2^-
answer
Chlorite
question
ClO^-
answer
Hypochlorite
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