unit one of government

1 February 2024
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In a direct democracy, who votes on government policy?
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all citizens
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How does a monarch typically take power?
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by taking over when the previous monarch dies or retires
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Which statement best characterizes a dictatorship?
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The leader maintains power through force.
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What is the main difference between federal and confederal systems of government?
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In a federal system there is centralized authority, while in a confederal system power is distributed equally among the states.
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Which statement about communism is the most accurate?
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Communism gives control to party leaders.
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In a federal system of government, power is
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divided between the national government and the states.
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Central and state governments influence each other in
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a federal system.
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The two forms of democracy are
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direct and representative.
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In which system of government would states function independently of each other?
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confederal
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In an autocracy, what kind of power does the leader hold?
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He holds all the power.
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Which statement about communism is the most accurate?
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Communism gives control to party leaders.
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Which statement best characterizes a dictatorship?
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The leader maintains power through force.
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In which system of government would states function independently of each other?
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confederal
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In a parliamentary system of representative democracy, the prime minister
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is the leader of the party that won the most seats in parliament.
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In a direct democracy, who votes on government policy?
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all citizens
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In an autocracy, what kind of power does the leader hold?
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He holds all the power.
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What are two types of oligarchies?
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theocracy and communism
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How does a monarch typically take power?
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by taking over when the previous monarch dies or retires
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What is the main way a representative democracy differs from a direct democracy?
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Citizens elect leaders who vote on the issues in a representative democracy, and citizens vote on the issues in a direct democracy.
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What was the biggest difference between government in ancient Athens and in ancient Rome?
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Athens allowed all citizens to vote, while Rome was a republic.
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In addition to Judeo-Christian principles, American government was influenced by principles first used in ancient Greece and in
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Rome.
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Read the passage from a speech given by the Athenian leader Pericles. Our constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states; we are rather a pattern to be imitated than imitators ourselves. Its administration favors the many instead of the few; this is why it is called democracy. If we look to the laws, they afford equal justice to all in their private differences. . . . [C]lass considerations [are not] allowed to interfere with merit; nor again does poverty bar the way, if a man is able to serve the state, he is not hindered by the obscurity of his condition. Pericles claimed that the Athenian government, unlike other Greek city-states,
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treated all its people fairly regardless of class.
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Because the framers of the US Constitution were concerned about citizens having too much power, they
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established a republic.
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How is government in the United States today different from government in ancient Athens?
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The United States is a republic.
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A bicameral legislature is made up of how many bodies?
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two
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Where did democracy begin?
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Greek city-states
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The Ten Commandments are a list of rules for
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living and worshiping.
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A benefit of a bicameral legislature is that it
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separates powers, keeping one body from gaining too much power.
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The most important way in which the Greeks influenced American democracy was by allowing
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citizens to participate in government.
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The Magna Carta was presented to King John in 1215 because people
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were tired of his tyrannical rule.
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The Glorious Revolution of 1688 demonstrated that Parliament had
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power over the English monarchy.
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The Magna Carta placed clear limits on the power of the
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king.
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Read the quote from England's Magna Carta. No freeman is to be taken or imprisoned or disseised of his free tenement or of his liberties or free customs. . . . To no-one will we sell or deny of delay right or justice. This part of the document granted people the right to
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due process.
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The Magna Carta led to the creation of Parliament, England's
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legislative branch.
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What was an important effect of Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England?
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Common law became more accessible.
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An important effect of the Magna Carta on English government was that it
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gave more power to the people and protected their rights.
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At the time of the Glorious Revolution and the writing of the English Bill of Rights, Americans
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lived in English colonies, subject to English law.
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Read this passage from the English Petition of Right. [N]o man [should] be compelled to make or yield any gift, loan, benevolence, tax, or such like charge, without common consent by act of Parliament. What is the key idea in this passage?
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There should be no taxation without representation.
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Look at the diagram below. English Influences on American Govermenet Which heading best fits in the empty box to the right?
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Common Law
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Which three topics became a major focus of the Enlightenment?
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authority, rights, responsibility
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Enlightenment thinkers questioned traditional ideas about
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government.
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Which statement best characterizes the ideas of Thomas Hobbes?
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People are naturally selfish and violent.
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Which movement happened last in Europe?
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the Enlightenment
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Many Enlightenment ideas were incorporated into
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the founding documents for the United States.
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Which statement best characterizes the ideas of John Locke?
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People are naturally reasonable.
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In France, philosophes discussed Enlightenment ideas in
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salons.
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Which list states events of the Enlightenment in the correct order?
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i. The English Civil War comes to an end. ii. Locke builds on the ideas of Hobbes. iii. Montesquieu publishes Spirit of Laws. iv. Rousseau publishes The Social Contract.
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A difference between the ideas of Hobbes and Locke was that
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Hobbes believed life without government was difficult, while Locke believed people have the right to rebel.
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Read the passage from John Locke's Second Treatise of Government. The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom. For in all the states of created beings, capable of laws, where there is no law there is no freedom. The quotation supports Locke's belief in
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the social contract between people and government.
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Look at the chart. mc006-1.jpg Which Enlightenment concept does this chart illustrate?
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separation of powers
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A social contract is an agreement between
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a government and its citizens.
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Which of the following is the best example of populism?
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A government allows its people to govern themselves.
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Enlightenment thinkers questioned
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government authority.
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Which statement best describes the Enlightenment?
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The Enlightenment was a European movement that spread to the colonies.
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During his trip to the United States, Alexis de Tocqueville observed that Americans
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believed in the idea of populism.
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Which statement best describes the republican form of government that the Founding Fathers envisioned?
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a government run by people elected to lead the country
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Which of the following principles did the Founders use as part of the basis for the Constitution?
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popular sovereignty
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A similarity between the separation of powers, the system of checks and balances, and federalism is that they
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are all ways that the Constitution limits government power.
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The basis for America's foundation in liberty is found in
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the Declaration of Independence.
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De Tocqueville observed the laissez-faire government in the United States, which meant that the government
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stayed out of people's affairs.
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Which statement best describes the republican form of government that the Founding Fathers envisioned?
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a government run by people elected to lead the country
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A social contract is an agreement between
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a government and its citizens.
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De Tocqueville's travels throughout the United States led him to conclude that it was
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a unique country.
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Which statement best describes the Enlightenment?
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The Enlightenment was a European movement that spread to the colonies.
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Which of the following is the best example of populism?
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A government allows its people to govern themselves.
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The basis for America's foundation in liberty is found in
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the Declaration of Independence.
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The concept of voting rights is based on
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popular sovereignty.
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The concept of natural rights, which was later used in the Declaration of Independence, was first proposed by
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John Locke.
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The Enlightenment thinker Baron de Montesquieu came up with the idea of
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the separation of the government's powers.
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Which statement best represents an economic weakness of the national government under the Articles of Confederation?
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The national government was unable to collect taxes.
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Which word best describes the central government that was created under the Articles of Confederation?
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weak
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A sovereign group is one that is
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independent.
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If the government under the Articles of Confederation was so ineffective, why were there no changes made to improve it?
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All the states had to agree in order to pass an amendment to the Articles.
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Which description best defines a confederation?
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a system in which states agree to form a national government, but maintain their sovereignty
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If a power was not specified under the Articles of Confederation, who would be responsible for it?
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the states
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Why was it very difficult to get laws passed under the Articles of Confederation?
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Nine of the states had to agree before a law was passed.
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What was the national government's biggest concern if facing a war, under the Articles of Confederation?
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The national government had no national military.
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Which reason most closely illustrates why the national government was unable to maintain law and order under the Articles of Confederation?
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There was no national court system.
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What was the national government's biggest concern if facing a war, under the Articles of Confederation?
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The national government had no national military.
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How many of the thirteen states needed to approve a law before it could be passed, under the Articles of Confederation?
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nine
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Which statement best represents an economic weakness of the national government under the Articles of Confederation?
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The national government was unable to collect taxes.
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The fact that there was no national military was a weakness in which area of government?
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administrative
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Under the Articles of Confederation, if Virginia had ten thousand citizens and Delaware had five thousand citizens, how many votes would each state have in the legislature?
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Virginia would have one, and Delaware would have one.
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Which reason most closely illustrates why the national government was unable to maintain law and order under the Articles of Confederation?
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here was no national court system.
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Which responsibilities were assigned to the central government under the Articles of Confederation?
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drawing up treaties
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Which was a main reason for creating the Articles of Confederation?
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to have a unified national government after the Revolutionary War
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What was the national government's biggest concern if facing a war, under the Articles of Confederation?
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The national government had no national military.
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What would be the federal government's biggest problem if a war was imminent?
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The federal government had no national military.
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How did the Great Compromise resolve the dispute about representation?
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It created balance by blending the Virginia and New Jersey plans.
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What was the primary way the farms in the South differed from those in the North?
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The farms of the South raised cash crops using a plantation system.
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Why did the Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise involve so much debate and discussion at the Constitutional Convention?
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Each state was most concerned for its own interests and needs.
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Which statement about the Virginia Plan is accurate?
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It inspired the creation of the New Jersey Plan.
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Which statement about the northern states in the 1780s is accurate?
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They generally had less enslaved labor than the southern states.
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According to the 1790 census, where did most enslaved people live?
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mostly in the South
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The Constitution was a result of multiple
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compromises.
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Which statement about the Great Compromise is accurate?
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It merged the ideas of multiple delegates' plans.
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What was the subject of the most debate between large and small states at the Constitutional Convention?
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representation
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Why did the state delegates meet in 1787?
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to revise or repair the Articles of Confederation
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If leaders wanted to create a government that is more effective than the government under the Articles of Confederation, which is the most important idea that should be embraced?
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The federal government cannot be weak.
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The Founders wanted to add the Bill of Rights to the Constitution because they wanted to
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ensure that people's rights were protected.
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According to the Constitution, which of the following is true about "unalienable rights"?
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They can never be taken away from the people.
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Which scenario could cause the most problems under the Articles of Confederation?
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A man wants to use national currency to buy a horse in Maryland.
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During the Constitutional Convention, small states did not want their representation based on
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population.
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What agreement did the delegates reach regarding enslaved people and representation with the Three-Fifths Compromise?
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They were partially counted in the census.
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Under the Articles of Confederation, why was the national government unable to raise revenue? Check all that apply.
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The national government was not given the power to regulate trade. The national government needed approval from the states to collect taxes. The state and national currencies competed with each other.
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Which statement about the Three-Fifths Compromise is accurate?
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The Three-Fifths Compromise was a temporary solution to a long-term political issue.
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A charter is a written document that
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states the conditions of an agreement.
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Rome became a ________ at the end of the 6th Century BCE.
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Republic
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What did the Founders mean by the term "rule of law"?
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laws that apply equally to everyone
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What was the purpose of the New Jersey Plan?
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to support the interests of the smaller states
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Which was an area of weakness in the federal government under the Articles of Confederation?
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legislative power
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The Enlightenment idea of separation of powers led to
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forming three branches of government in the United States.
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In a unitary system of government, power is
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held by a central government.