TRUE BLUE START

Which of the following statements concerning branched polymers like glycogen is false?

What is the average chain length of the branches in glycogen?

Glycogen is mainly found in

Which of the following best describes how liver supplies other tissues with the glucose it releases from its stored glycogen?

The enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate is

Glycolysis that starts with glycogen instead of glucose can be considered to have a higher energy yield because:

Which enzyme cleaves the a(1 ® 6) bonds in glycogen?

What kind of reaction is used to release glucose units from glycogen?

The enzyme glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes a reaction in

If an individual lacked the debranching enzyme, the effect would be

Which of the following best describes the function of debranching enzyme?

The compound uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) plays a role in

The activity of glycogen phosphorylase depends on

Glucose-6-phosphatase activity is found associated with the endoplasmic reticulum.

How are the branches in glycogen produced?

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase works by this mechanism

Which of the following reactions occur when a single glucose residue is transferred from UDP-glucose to a growing glycogen molecule?

Glycogen phosphorylase

Starting from glucose and UTP and ATP, how many high-energy bonds are broken/consumed to add that glucose to a glycogen molecule?

When glycogen synthase is phosphorylated

When glycogen phosphorylase is phosphorylated

Where is the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase located?

Glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase

Glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase

Hydrolysis of pyrophosphate is an important energy driving force in the synthesis of glycogen

Which of the following is not a control mechanism for glycogen phosphorylase?

Of the various forms of glycogen phosphorylase, the most active would be

Branching and debranching enzymes use the exact same mechanism to add and remove the branches of the glycogen polymer.

The same enzymes are responsible for covalent modifications of both glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in regulating their activity.

Generally speaking, the same mechanisms that activate glycogen phosphorylase will turn off glycogen synthase.

Which of the following is not an advantage that glycogen provides to muscle cells in which it is stored?

Glycogen loading is particularly advantageous for providing energy for long distance athletic events, such as running the marathon.

Properly used, glycogen loading by athletes is a safe process.

Which of the following molecules does not directly regulate the activity of glycogen synthase?

There is as much energy used to add a phosphate group by means of phosphorolysis, as the energy required adding a phosphate using ATP.

Gluconeogenesis differs from glycolysis because

Which enzyme is used in gluconeogenesis, but NOT in glycolysis?

The enzyme pyruvate carboxylase

In which cellular compartment is pyruvate carboxylase found?

Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of

Which of the following statements concerning biotin and gluconeogenesis is false?

The regulatory enzymes in gluconeogenesis are

In gluconeogenesis, the initial reaction converts pyruvate to

The first reaction of gluconeogenesis is

Which nucleotide triphosphate is hydrolysed in the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate?

The NADH used for the reduction reactions during gluconeogenesis usually come from this reaction:

Which of the following is true?

How many ATP equivalents are expended to convert 2 pyruvates to 1 glucose?

It is impossible to reverse any kinase reaction under physiological conditions.

In general, opposing pathways, such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are not exact reversals of each other.

The formation and breakdown of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

High concentrations of fructose-2,6-bisphopshate

The activity of the enzyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase is

In the process of substrate cycling

The molecule fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

Which of the following is not true concerning control of pyruvate kinase?

The enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase is only found in cells which have this function or ability:

If you're running away from a bear,

In the Cori cycle

The process called substrate cycling is used to describe this process:

The Cori cycle involves the following:

Which of the following mechanisms can be used to regulate metabolic pathways?

The liver contains a special enzyme, hexokinase, to act as a backup for glucokinase when the glucose levels in the body get very high.

The primary function of the pentose phosphate pathway is

During the pentose phosphate pathway (glucose-6-P ® ribose-5-P), is there a net oxidation of the substrate carbon atoms?

What kind of enzyme catalyzes the following reaction? ribose-5-P « ribulose-5-P

What kind of enzyme catalyzes the reaction ribulose-5-P « xylulose-5-P?

Which of the following statements concerning the initial phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is false?

In one normal cycle of the pentose phosphate pathway, the enzyme transaldolase is used twice and the enzyme transketolase is used once.

The oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway

The conversion of ribulose 5-phosphate to xylulose 5-phosphate is

A characteristic of the reaction catalyzed by transaldolase is

Which of the following molecules is not a product of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Control of the entry of glucose or fructose into the oxidative portions of the pentose phosphate pathway is mostly dependent on a cell's need for NADPH, rather than on the cell's need for pentoses.

The enzyme phosphopentose isomerase is characterized by all the following except

In addition to pentoses, the pentose phosphate pathway involves sugars of all these sizes except:

The vitamin thiamine is important in transferring all of these types of groups, except:

All of the following sugar rearrangements are part of the pentose phosphate pathway, except.

Hemolytic anemia is associated with the pentose phosphate pathway because: