Sociology exam 2 example #7867

an entire way of life of a group of people, and it acts as a lens through which we view the world

When Charles and Kim visit Great Britain, Charles quickly decides to NOT drive the rental car because he perceives the drivers as strange and weird and he wants nothing to do with them. Kim, on the other hand, is excited about driving the car. She looks forward to learning how to do things differently than in the United States. In this example, Charles is experiencing _____ while Kim is experiencing _____.

How is culture transmitted and internalized?

What is the sociological term for signs people make with their bodies?

How is subculture different from a counterculture?

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that:

What do sociologists call it when cultures that were once distinct become increasingly similar?

Which term describes a policy of honoring diverse racial, ethnic, religious, linguistic, and national backgrounds?

Why do ethnocentric people tend to view other cultures as abnormal?

During the American occupation of Japan after World War II, the Japanese observed soldiers playing baseball and later adopted it as one of their favorite pastimes. This is an example of:

The article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema" is useful to sociologists because:

In 2012, Florida teenager Trayvon Martin was killed by George Zimmerman, a community watch patrolman. The case promoted fierce debates over gun control in the media. A sociologist might describe these debates as

the lifelong process by which people learn the norms, values, and beliefs of their culture

Which of the following statements about the process of socialization is true?

What did sociologist Charles Cooley argue was taking place in people's minds when he developed the concept of the looking-glass self?

Which theorist argued that if people define a situation as real, it is real in its consequences?

Erving Goffman theorized social life as a kind of con game in which we works to control the impressions others have of us. What did Goffman call this process?

How does a person come to possess an achieved status?

A female police officer who struggles with commanding respect from male colleagues while also presenting herself in traditionally feminine ways may be experiencing:

A high school football coach is worried about how he should handle his roster. On the one hand, it's his job to try to win as many games as possible, which means playing the best players; on the other hand, his contract also requires him to try to allow every team member to meaningfully participate. The tension he feels is the result of:

Churches usually teach their members rules, often codifying these rules into formal commandments to be followed. Because of this, churches can be called:

Sociologists examine famine collapses, such as those of the 1930's, in which rumors of insolvency, when believed by enough depositors, resulted in real bank failures. What sociological concept describes this phenomenon?

What do sociologists call the practice of judging others based on preconceived generalizations of the group?

A famous monologue from Shakespeare's As You Like It begins: All the world's a stage And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts Which theory of social life could be seen as taking its inspiration from these lines?

the entire way of life of a group of people that acts as a lens through which one views the world and that is passed from one generation to the next

the principle of using one's own culture as a means or standard by which to evaluate another group or individual, leading to the view that cultures other than one's own are abnormal or inferior

the principle of understanding other cultures on their own terms, rather than judging or evaluating according to one's own culture

the objects associated with a cultural group, such as tools, machines, utensils, buildings, and artwork; any physical object to which we give social meaning

the ideas associated with a cultural group, including ways of thinking (beliefs, values, and assumptions) and ways of behaving (norms, interactions, and communication)

the ways in which people use their bodies to communicate without words, actions that have symbolic meaning

a system of communication using vocal sounds, gestures, or written symbols; the basis of symbolic culture and the primary means through which we communicate with one another and perpetuate our culture

the idea that language structures thought and that ways of looking at the world are embedded in language

ideas about what is right or wrong, good or bad, desirable or worthy in a particular group; they express what the group cherishes and honors

rules or guidelines regarding what kinds of behavior are acceptable and appropriate within a particular culture; these typically emanate from the group's values

types of norms that are formally codified to provide an explicit statement about what is permissible or forbidden, legal or illegal in a given society

a loosely enforced norm involving common customs, practices, or procedures that ensure smooth social interaction and acceptance

norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance

a norm ingrained so deeply that even thinking about violating it evokes strong feelings of disgust, horror, or revulsion

a specified time period during which some norm violations are allowed

positive or negative reactions to the ways that people follow or disobey norms, including rewards for conformity and punishments for violations

the formal and informal mechanisms used to elicit conformity to values and norms and thus promote social cohesion

a policy that values diverse racial, ethnic, national, and linguistic backgrounds and so encourages the retention of cultural differences within the larger society

the values, norms, and practices of the group within society that is most powerful (in terms of wealth, prestige, status, influence, etc.)

a group within society that is differentiated by its distinctive values, norms, and lifestyle

a group within society that openly rejects and/or actively opposes society's values and norms

clashes within mainstream society over the values and norms that should be upheld

the norms, values, and patterns of behavior that members of a society believe should be observed in principle

the norms and values that people actually follow; as opposed to ideal culture

the dissemination of material and symbolic culture (tools and technology, beliefs and behavior) from one group to another

the process by which cultures that were once unique and distinct become increasingly similar

the imposition of one culture's beliefs and practices on another culture through mass media and consumer products rather than by military force

the process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of our social group, by which we become functioning members of society

four distinct stages of the development of the self between birth and adulthood, according to Freud; personality quirks are a result of being fixated, or stuck, at any stage

looking glass self

Developed Symbolic Interactionism. Believed development of individual was a social process as were the meanings individuals assigned to things

If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences (Thomas Theorem)

invented dramaturgy

values or behaviors that students learn indirectly over the course of their schooling

the process of replacing previously learned norms and values with new ones as a part of a transition in life

a position in a social hierarchy that carries a particular set of expectations

experienced when we occupy two or more roles with contradictory expectations

experienced when there are contradictory expectations within one role

the ability of the individual to act freely and independently