_____ is the division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige.
a. social stratification
b. bonded labor
c. ideology
d. caste system
answer
a. social stratification (think layering)
question
What is the difference between bonded labor and slavery?
a. They are actually different terms for the same thing.
b. Bonded labor is entered into voluntarily (or arranged by parents).
c. Some people own other people in bonded labor.
d. Slavery is entered into voluntarily.
answer
b. Bonded labor is entered into voluntarily
question
_____ refers to beliefs about the way things ought to be that justify social arrangements.
Social stratification
Ideology
Endogamy
Apartheid
answer
Ideology
question
A person's status is a lifelong condition determined by birth in
social democracy
bonded labor.
a caste system.
all forms of social stratification
answer
a caste system
question
In endogamy, one
marries within one's group.
is forbidden to marry within one's group.
has multiple wives.
does not marry at all. I
answer
marries within one's group
question
The system of separating racial-ethnic groups that was practiced in South Africa was called
slavery.
bonded labor.
apartheid.
the caste system, which was imported from India.
answer
apartheid
question
In a class system, what is the main basis for social stratification?
Sexual orientation
Money
Appearance
Kindness
answer
money
question
The wealthiest 1% of adults worldwide own _____ of the Earth's wealth.
12%
29%
46%
88%
answer
46%
question
Gender is a basis of social stratification for ______ society(ies) in the world.
no
a few
many
every
answer
every
question
The tools, factories, land, and investment capital used to produce wealth make up the
bourgeoisie.
proletariat.
means of production.
class consciousness.
answer
means of production
question
_____ Weber _____ Marx viewed property as significant in determining a person's standing in society.
Neither; nor
Both; and
Not; but
Notably; but not
answer
Both; and
question
Which of the following is most effective in maintaining society's stratification?
Brute force
Controlling people's ideas
Control of food supplies
Elites without limits
answer
Controlling people's ideas
question
To maintain their power, elites attempt to _____ information.
freely distribute
honestly convey
shut off all
control
answer
control
question
The terms that do not imply value judgments about some parts of the world while splitting it up into conceptual groups are
First, Second, and Third Worlds.
Most Industrialized, Industrializing, and Least Industrialized.
Best, Better, and Worst.
Developed, Developing, and Primitive.
answer
Most industrialized, industrializing, and least ind.
question
The _____ richest people in the world own as much of the world's wealth as the bottom half of the whole world's population.
700
422
153
85
answer
85
question
Which category of nations has the most land?
Most Industrialized Nations
Industrializing Nations
Least Industrialized Nations
Most Populous Nations
answer
Least industrialized nation
question
The United States, Canada, Great Britain, France, Japan, Australia, and other countries make up the
Most Industrialized Nations.
Industrializing Nations.
Least Industrialized Nations.
League of Nations.
answer
most industrialized nations
question
In the Least Industrialized Nations, _____ people are poor.
none
some
most
all
answer
most
question
_____ assumes that the values and behaviors of the poor make them fundamentally different from other people.
Colonialism
The culture of poverty
Neocolonialism
World system theory
answer
The culture of poverty
question
Global domination
remains in the hands of the East.
may be on the verge of a major shift from West to East.
is shared democratically by the East and the West.
may be on the verge of a major shift from East to West.
answer
may be on the verge of a major shift from West to East.
question
When workers identified with the interests of capitalists, Marx called it _____ class consciousness.
false
misguided
optimistic
budding
answer
false
question
The divine right of kings asserts that the king's or queen's authority comes from
his or her forbears.
God.
the people.
his or her superior ability.
answer
God
question
_____, according to Weber, is (are) a large group of people who rank close to one another in property, power, and prestige.
Status consistency
Social class
The proletariat
Capitalists
answer
social class
question
_____ is the ability to carry out your will, even over the resistance of others.
Social class
Status
Power
Prestige
answer
Power
question
_____ is respect or regard.
Status consistency
Power
Prestige
Status inconsistency
answer
Prestige
question
Status consistency refers to
day-to-day stability.
ranking high or low on at least two dimensions of social class.
ranking high or low on all three dimensions of social class.
lateral mobility.
answer
ranking high or low on all three dimensions of social class.
question
Marx's model of the social classes included
managers
workers
petty bourgeoisie
royalty
answer
workers
question
The class most shaped by education is the _____ class.
upper middle
lower middle
working
upper
answer
upper middle
question
Members of the _____ tend to think of themselves as having "real jobs" and regard the "suits" above them as paper pushers.
underclass
working poor
working class
upper middle class
answer
working class
question
Homeless people are part of the
working poor.
working class.
underclass.
lower middle class.
answer
underclass
question
As you go down the social-class ladder, what happens to your mental health?
It improves.
It stays the same.
There is no change.
It worsens.
answer
it worsens
question
When it comes to child rearing, lower-class parents tend to focus more on
developing their children's creative skills.
encouraging their children to question authority. getting their children to follow rules and obey authority.
developing their children's leadership skills.
answer
c. getting their children to follow rules or obey authority
question
When it comes to religion, the lower classes tend to be attracted to
more subdued worship.
more expressive worship services and louder music.
the Episcopalian denomination.
the nearest church.
answer
b.
question
Which statement is true about people toward the bottom of the class structure
They are more likely to be politically active.
On economic issues, they are conservative.
They are less likely to be politically active.
They walk the same political paths as the rich.
answer
c
question
_____ refers to the change that family members make in social class from one generation to the next.
Structural mobility
Exchange mobility
Intergenerational mobility
Anomie
answer
intergenerational mobility
question
In Mexico, Javier was a physician. Javier emigrated to the United States and ended up working as a carpenter (which had been his hobby in Mexico). Javier experienced _____ mobility.
downward social
upward social
intergenerational
exchange
answer
downward social
question
What proportion of all African American adults works at white-collar jobs
One-fourth
More than one-half
Two-thirds
More than three-fourths
answer
more than half
question
The official measure of poverty of the U.S. government is
called the poverty line.
kept secret.
five times a low-cost food budget.
nine times a low-cost food budget.
answer
called the poverty line
question
Which statement about poverty is true?
Poverty is unusual.
Most poor people are poor because they do not want to work
More children than adults are poor.
There is more poverty in urban than in rural areas.
answer
more children than adults are poor
question
The reason why families headed by a mother, rather than by a mother and father or a father alone, are more likely to be poor is because
two-parent families are more stable.
women average only 72% of what men earn.
women have less education.
women are less inclined to work if they have children.
answer
b women average only 72% of what men earn
question
Going without something in the present in the hope of achieving greater gains in the future is called
the geography of poverty.
deprivation
deferred gratification.
immediate gratification.
answer
deferred gratification
question
___ refers to a group whose inherited physical characteristics distinguish it from other groups.
ethnicity
race
minority group
dominant group
answer
race
question
The annihilation or attempted annihilation of a people because of their presumed race or ethnicity is known as
genocide
racial superiority
racial purification
ethnic work.
answer
genocide
question
The difference between ethnicity and race is that ethnicity refers to _____ characteristics, and race to _____ characteristics, distinguishing one group of people from another.
cultural; inherited physical
inherited physical; cultural
dominant group; minority group
minority group; dominant group
answer
cultural; inherited physical
question
_____ is an act of unfair treatment directed against an individual or a group.
Racism
Contact theory
Discrimination
Prejudice
answer
discrimination
question
Ezekiel's research (1995) found that Ku Klux Klan and neo-Nazi leaders believed that race
represents the essence of a person.
exists only in the mind.
is superficial, because all people are the same in the eyes of God.
is not a rigid category.
answer
represents the essence of a person
question
_____ mortgage applicants are most frequently offered subprime loans, which charge the highest interest.
White
African American
Wallonian
Latino
answer
b
question
In unintentional discrimination,
the discrimination is deliberate.
the discrimination is written into law.
no one is aware of it.
health care is one area that is exempt.
answer
c
question
Symbolic interactionists focus on the role of _____ in affecting perception and creating prejudice.
the authoritarian personality
labels
history
conflict
answer
labels
question
The United States government's relocation of Native Americans to reservations is an example of
direct population transfer.
friendship
indirect population transfer.
assimilation.
answer
a. dpt
question
orcible expulsion and genocide are types of
internal colonialism.
segregation.
assimilation.
ethnic cleansing.
WASP stands for
Women Against Sexual Predestination.
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.
War Against Special Populations.
White And Selected Populations
answer
b. white anglo
question
Among Americans of European descent, the largest group comes from
Germany
England
Italy
Norway
answer
a. germany
question
There is a disagreement among sociologists on whether _____ or race is (are) more important in determining the life chances of African Americans.
history
ethnicity
white ethnics
social class
answer
d. social class
question
The concern in some quarters that too many immigrants will change the character of the United States is
new to the last two decades.
causing immigration to taper to a trickle.
age-old.
confined to California.
answer
c. age old
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