The amount of air inspired and then expired with each breathe under normal resting conditions (500 ml of air.)
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Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
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amount of air that can be forcefully inspired after a normal TV inspiration (male, 3100ml; fm, 1900ml_
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Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
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Amount of air that can forcefully expired after a normal tidal volume expiration (male, 1200ml; fm, 700ml)
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Residual volume (RV)
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Amount of air remaining in the lungs after forceful & complete expiration (male, 1200; fm, 11000
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Total lung capacity (TLC)
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maximum amount of air in lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort: TLC=TV+IRV+ERV+RV (male, 6000ml; fm, 4200ml)
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Vital capacity (VC)
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Maximum amount of air that can be inspired & then expired with maximal effort: VC=TV+IRV+ERV (male, 4800ml; fm, 3100ml)
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Forced vital capacity (FVC)
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The amount of air that can be expelled when the subject takes the deepest possible inspiration & forcefully expires as completely & rapidly as possible.
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Forced expiratory volume (FEV1)
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Measures the amount of VC that is expired during the first second of the FVC test (normally 75%-85% of the vital capacity)
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Respiration involves both ____& _____systems
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Respiratory & circulatory
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4 Processes that supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide.
The cilia in here move contaminated mucous posteriorly to throat.
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Respiratory Mucosa
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Inspired air is warmed by plexuses of capillaries & veins
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Respiratory Mucosa
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Sensory nerve endings trigger sneezes
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Respiratory Mucosa
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Gives support to epithelium
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Respiratory Mucosa
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Protrude from lateral walls, increase mucosal area, enhance air turbulence
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Nasal Conchae -superior, middle, and inferior
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Functions of the Nasal Mucosa & Conchae - INHALATION
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Filter, Heat, moisten air, create turbulence.
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Functions of the Nasal Mucosa & Conchae - EXHALATION
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reclaim heat & moisture
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Bones of the Paranasal SInuses
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Frontal, sphenoid, maxillary, ethmoid
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Function of Paranasal Sinuses
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lighten the skull
moisten & warm air
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Muscular tube that connects to the Nasal Cavity & mouth superiorly
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Pharynx
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Muscular tube that connects to the Larynx & esophagus inferiorly.
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Pharynx
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Pharynx external landmarks
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Base of skull to 6th vertabrae
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Pharyngeal Tonsil
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located in the nasopharynx and also known as the adenoid
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Lingual Tonsil
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located posteriorly on the surface of the tongue
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Palatine tonsil
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One of a pair of almond shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx.
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Opening of the pharyngotympanic tube
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eustation tube equalizes pressure in the middle ear.
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Difference between Nasopharynx & Oropharynx/Laryngopharynx sections of Pharynx
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nasopharynx has a pseudostratified columnar epithelium; Oropharynx & Laryngopharynx is lined with Stratified squamous Epithelium.
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Nasopharynx lining
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pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
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___&___ close Nasopharynx during swallowing.
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soft palate, uvula
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Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) on posterior wall
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Nasopharynx
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Nasopharynx
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*Lies posterior to the nasal cavity & is continuous with it via the posterior nasal aperture. *serves as air passage only *pharyngeal tonsil high on it's posterior wall.
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Passageway for air & food from the level of the soft palate to the epiglottis.
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Oropharynx
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Oropharynx lining
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stratified squamous epithelium
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Isthmus of the fauces
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opening to the oral cavity
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Tonsils in the lateral walls of the fauces.
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Palatine tonsils
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Tonsil on the posterior surface of the tongue
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Lingual tonsil
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passageway for air and food
posterior to the upright epiglottis
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laryngopharynx
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continuous with the espophagus
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laryngopharynx
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attaches to hyoid bone & opens into the laryngopharynx
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larynx
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Continuous with the trachea
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Larynx
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Larynx functions
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provides patent airway
routes air & food into proper channels
voice production
