Psychology final review exam pt 2

Priming refers to the activation of certain:

A concept that helps us to interpret new stimuli is called a:

Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the:

Perception is the process by which:

Sympathetic nervous system activity is slowed by:

Stimulants _____ appetite and _____ self-confidence.

Drugs such as caffeine that excite neural activity and speed up body functions are:

Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant:

Sensory adaptation refers to:

The process of detecting and encoding stimulus energies by the sensory receptors and the nervous system is called:

The original Atkinson-Schiffrin three-stage information-processing model introduced distinctions among:

Psychologists define learning as the process of

The rapid transmission of fads and fashions best illustrates the impact of:

The first experimental studies of associative learning were conducted by:

In Pavlov's experiments, the sound of the tone triggered the dog's salivation. Salivation to the sound of a tone was a:

In Pavlov's experiments, the taste of food triggered the dog's salivation. Salivation to the taste of food was an:

The misinformation effect refers to the:

Memory is best defined as:

Before Pavlov conditioned a dog to salivate in response to a tone, the tone was a:

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning is called a:

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people is a:

Motivation is defined by psychologists as:

Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating?

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas is called:

Overconfidence refers to the tendency to:

According to Maslow, our need for _____ must be met before we are prompted to satisfy our need for _____.

When we use the word automobile to refer to a category of transport vehicles, we are using this word as a:

Jonah misbehaved and so was sent to his room for a time-out. The punishment Jonah is experiencing is social isolation through:

When you feel cold, you engage in behavior to reduce this unpleasant feeling such as putting on your coat. This desire to reduce internal tension is a crucial aspect of:

Emotions are a mix of all of the following EXCEPT:

Psychoanalysis refers to the personality theory and therapeutic practices developed by:

According to Freud, repressed feelings and ideas seep out in:

An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting is his or her:

Repression refers to the defense mechanism by which people:

Freud suggested that defense mechanisms protect an individual from:

According to Freud, the unconscious is:

According to Freud, the _____ is a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories of which we are unaware.

According to psychoanalytic theory, the partof the personality that strives for immediate gratification of basic drives is the:

Freud believed that certain troubling symptoms could be traced to painful, unconscious memories. This led him to suspect that these symptoms resulted from:

Four-year-old Timmy had not wet his bed for over a year. However, he started bed-wetting again soon after his sister was born. Timmy's behavior best illustrates:

Women are slightly more likely than men to:

In psychology, sex refers to the _____ by which people define male and female.

Gender bias in the workplace is most clearly influenced by gender differences in:

Puberty refers to:

Connie experienced her first menstrual period last week. This most clearly indicates that she has entered a developmental period known as:

A set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for males or for females is called a:

Gender refers to the _____ that define what it means to be a man or a woman.

Relational aggression refers to an act of:

The X chromosome is found _____. The Y chromosome is found _____.

An example of primary sex characteristics is a:

Whether a person exercises regularly is best predicted by his or her attitude about

Prejudice is best defined as:

The social psychologist who is best known for his controversial studies investigating destructive obedience to an authority is:

Ten-year-old Sammy watched his friends jump off the high dive at the community pool. At first he refused to do so until his friends called him a "chicken." He then jumped off the high dive. Sammy's behavior illustrates

The discomfort we feel when our thoughts and behaviors are inconsistent is called:

Attributing the cause of behavior is:

We are most likely to experience cognitive dissonance if we feel:

Adjusting our behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called:

Psychologists define stress as:

Which brand of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another?

Dysfunctional behaviors are maladaptive, which means that they:

A psychological disorder is a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance:

Brad has problems with extreme mood swings. His behavior has produced interpersonal, family, and occupational problems. Brad likely has:

The ideas that the mind and body work as one and that nature and nurture interact are most clearly emphasized by

The medical model of psychologically disordered behavior is most likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of

Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of

According to the medical model, psychological disorders are

Repetitive, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors that the individual feels driven to perform are characteristic of

An immediate and irrational anxiety response to the mere sight of blood is indicative of

Psychological disorders consist of emotions, behaviors, and cognitive processes that are all the following EXCEPT

Increasing clients' awareness of their own motives and defenses is a central goal of

Principles derived from psychologists' understanding of classical conditioning have most directly influenced the development of

Prescribing antidepressant drugs for the treatment of anxiety disorders best illustrates:

Treatment involving psychological techniques designed to assist someone to overcome a psychological disorder such as a phobia would be best described as:

Which of the following therapists introduced the use of free association?

Humanistic therapies aim to boost people's self-fulfillment by helping them to grow in:

Cognitive therapies are most likely to focus on the extent to which emotional disturbances result from:

Aerobic exercise, adequate sleep, light exposure, and social engagement are important components of

Although Ethan is actually doing very well in college, he feels depressed and academically incompetent. His therapist has instructed him to explain in writing how his good grades resulted from his own hard work and personal abilities. This therapeutic procedure is most characteristic of ________ therapy.

The main goal of psychoanalysis is to bring _____ feelings and thoughts into conscious awareness