Abnormal Pysch Chapter 6

6.1.1. According to the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), in any given year, what percent of adults suffer from at least one type of anxiety disorder?

6.1.2. The close relationship between symptoms of anxiety and the symptoms for depression suggests that

6.1.3. In which of these situations would an agoraphobic be most likely to exhibit avoidance or fear?

6.1.4. According to the case study of the writer presented in your textbook, why would individuals with agoraphobia feel terrified of crowds?

6.1.5. Anxiety is a reaction to

6.1.6. Which of the following statements about anxiety is true?

6.1.7. In what way is fear different from anxiety?

6.1.8. Which of the following is typically associated with an anxious mood?

6.1.9. Barlow suggests that anxious apprehension involves which of the following?

6.1.10. Worry is a relatively uncontrollable sequence of negative emotional thoughts and images concerned with

6.1.11. Worriers are preoccupied with _______ rather than unpleasant visual images.

6.1.12. People who worry excessively usually report that their worries are not

6.1.13. According to the DSM, which of the following questions would be most useful in distinguishing a panic attack from anxiety?

6.1.14. To say that panic is like a "false alarm" means that panic is

6.1.15. Compared to anxiety, a panic attack tends to be

6.1.16. Which of the following is one of the DSM-5 criteria used to identify panic attack?

6.1.17. Which of the following statements about panic attacks is true?

6.1.18. Under what circumstances is a panic attack said to be cued?

6.1.19. Which of the following situations is most likely to be associated with the development of a panic attack?

6.1.20. Which of the following is appropriately matched?

6.1.21. Fear is not considered phobic unless

6.1.22. Repetitive, unwanted, intrusive cognitive events in the form of thoughts, images, or impulses that intrude suddenly into consciousness are called

6.1.23. What are compulsions?

6.1.24. How do patients typically view their compulsions?

6.1.25. What motivated Ed, in the case presented in your text, to rush to the mailbox and tear open an envelope containing a form that he had just completed?

6.1.26. How do clinical obsessions differ from normal obsessions?

6.1.27. After studying her patients' compulsions, what is a clinician most likely to conclude about their effects?

6.1.28. Compulsives can sometimes resist their compulsions, but they usually return to their compulsive behavior because they

6.1.29. You are starting a research project in which you wish to compare the everyday compulsive behavior of individuals not diagnosed with a mental disorder with the most common forms of compulsive behavior found in those diagnosed with OCD. What are the two most common forms of compulsion found in those so diagnosed?

6.1.30. Amy loves collecting coffee mugs and has been collecting them for years. At the drop of a hat, she will launch into a discussion of her collection, the price of mugs, and her plans for purchasing more mugs. Her friends say she must have obsessive-compulsive disorder. You disagree. What do you say to her friends when they ask why you disagree?

6.1.31. During the first half of the twentieth century, psychiatrists tended to adopt a generalized position with regard to anxiety disorder. In other words they

6.1.32. The impact of the current shift in classification in the DSM-5 is increased precision. This means that

6.1.33. DSM-5 approach to classifying anxiety disorders is based primarily on

6.1.34. Which of the following are contained in the current DSM categories of phobias?

6.1.35. A differential diagnosis between social and specific phobia is a bit tricky. You need to look for the most important difference between social phobia and specific phobia, which is that social phobia

6.1.36. In which situation might a person exhibit a social phobia?

6.1.37. Bill worries about a long list of concerns. He finds himself constantly thinking about these topics at work, when he exercises, and as he tries to sleep. He is easily fatigued, can't concentrate, and is often restless. He has been worrying like this for the past year. Bill seems to meet the criteria for the diagnosis of

6.1.38. Tim has been worried about his grades for more than three months. After hearing about the diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, he becomes convinced that he has the disorder himself. After seeing a mental health professional, what is he told?

6.1.39. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most controversial anxiety disorders because

6.1.40. What must a person demonstrate in order to be diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder?

6.1.41. What is an essential element of the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

6.1.42. In the theoretical debate around the nature of anxiety disorders, those who suggest that all anxiety disorders should be seen as the same disorder are sometimes referred to as

6.1.43. In the debate between "lumpers" and "splitters" regarding anxiety disorders, the splitters argue that

6.1.44. Research on the long-term outcomes for people experiencing anxiety disorders indicates that

6.1.45. Which of the following is true as to the course of anxiety disorders?

6.1.46. Studies of the long-term course of obsessive-compulsive disorder indicate that which of the following is true?

6.1.47. According to the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), which type of anxiety disorder is the most common?

6.1.48. Prospective studies of the relationship between drinking problems and anxiety disorders suggest that

6.1.49. Among those diagnosed with an anxiety disorder

6.1.50. One study found that ___ percent of people who met the criteria for one anxiety disorder also met the criteria for at least one other form of anxiety disorder or mood disorder.

6.1.51. What is the only anxiety disorder that does not exhibit a significant gender difference?

6.1.52. How does the prevalence of anxiety disorders among the elderly compare to the prevalence among other age groups?

6.1.53. In Western societies anxiety is most frequently associated with work performance, whereas in non-Western societies, anxiety is most frequently associated with

6.1.54. Cultural anthropologists have recognized many different cultural concepts of distress that, in some cases,

6.1.55. What was the major result of the Cross-National Collaborative Panic Study?

6.1.56. Current theories regarding the evolutionary significance of anxiety and fear suggest that

6.1.57. What conclusion was reached by researchers studying the relationship between stressful life events and anxiety/depressive disorders?

6.1.58. According to John Bowlby's research on agoraphobia in 1973 and in 1980, which of the following individuals would be at greatest risk for the onset of this disorder?

6.1.59. Which of the following best describes the connection between particular forms of adverse environmental events and specific types of mental disorder?

6.1.60. What type of attachment has been reported to be associated with the development of agoraphobia?

6.1.61. After Harriet was in a bicycle accident, she became fearful of riding bicycles. Which theory of the development of phobias would explain this fear?

6.1.62. While walking along the road, a car drives by and honks right next to you. The car hits your leg, and you are slightly injured. A few weeks later, you hear a car horn and become very nervous. What is the horn honking in this scenario?

6.1.63. The preparedness model of phobic acquisition holds that phobias develop in response to

6.1.64. One important element in the development of social phobias may be a biologically-based preparedness to fear

6.1.65. Research has suggested that a factor contributing to the development of some anxiety reactions is that

6.1.66. As a cognitive psychologist, you hypothesis that many factors can contribute to the cause of an anxiety disorder, but the following are especially important:

6.1.67. Research has consistently found evidence that problems with anxiety show up at high rates in people who believe that

6.1.68. According to D.M. Clark's research, people with anxiety sensitivity would likely be frightened most by

6.1.69. Several lines of research have clarified the basic cognitive mechanisms involved in generalized anxiety disorder, as well as in panic disorder. Experts now believe that a factor that plays a crucial role in the onset of this process is

6.1.70. A patient with panic disorder tends to interpret the rapid beating of his heart as a heart attack; a cognitive psychologist would call this

6.1.71. Cognitive psychologists believe that people whose threat schemas contain a high proportion of "what-if" questions

6.1.72. According to cognitive models of anxiety, such as Borkovec, Alcaine and Behar's model, why do people continue to worry despite the fact that it is unproductive?

6.1.73. A person with social phobia can perform a particular task when alone but not in front of an audience; according to Barlow's model of anxious apprehension, this is due to

6.1.74. What is thought suppression?

6.1.75. According to Wegner, what typically happens when people prone to anxiety disorders try to rid their mind of distressing or unwanted thoughts?

6.1.76. The episodic nature of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms is thought to be related to

6.1.77. What have studies of the genetics of panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder found concerning the genetic component in a model of the cause of these disorders?

6.1.78. Twin studies of anxiety disorders indicate that generalized anxiety disorder has a heritability of

6.1.79. The brain pathway that operates as a "short cut" in the detection of danger

6.1.80. The two different pathways in the brain involved in the detection of danger differ from one another with respect to

6.1.81. Brain imaging studies of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) show that OCD

6.1.82. Research from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has suggested a model called the pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection, or PANDAS, which has

6.1.83. An inhibitory neurotransmitter that functions to reduce levels of anxiety is called

6.1.84. Your textbook presents the case study of Ed, a 38-year-old lawyer diagnosed with OCD. What was the first form of treatment Ed received for this disorder?

6.1.85. Systematic desensitization involves

6.1.86. Flooding refers to the

6.1.87. Alex suffers from agoraphobia, and while in treatment he is asked to repeatedly confront places like crowded shopping malls and theaters that he has been avoiding. The treatment he is receiving is

6.1.88. Pamela experiences frequent unexpected panic attacks. A treatment that could help her to reduce her fear of bodily sensations that seem to trigger her panic attacks would be

6.1.89. Exposure and response prevention is most effective in the treatment of

6.1.90. Which of the following is one of the reasons why it is important to distinguish between statistical significance and clinical importance of treatment outcome studies?

6.1.91. A therapist asks a patient to describe what he believes would happen if his worst-case scenario became reality. The patient says, "If I fail this test, I'll never get into graduate school." What cognitive aspect is the therapist working with?

6.1.92. The technique of breathing retraining provides panic disorder patients with education about the

6.1.93. A psychiatrist prescribes a benzodiazepine for a patient suffering from an anxiety disorder. Which of the following symptoms are most likely to respond to this treatment?

6.1.94. Which category contains the drugs known as benzodiazepines?

6.1.95. Which of the following are examples of the benzodiazepine class of drugs?

6.1.96. Which neurotransmitter is affected by benzodiazepine drugs?

6.1.97. Benzodiazepines are most effective for treating

6.1.98. Which of the following is considered a drug of choice for panic disorder because it produces clinical improvement more quickly than antidepressants?

6.1.99. Another class of antianxiety medication is known azapirones. Rather than working on GABA neurons, this antianxiety medication works on __________ transmission.

6.1.100. Approximately what percentage of patients who have used a benzodiazepine for more than six months will experience withdrawal effects if they discontinue use of the drug?

6.1.101. Which of the following drugs is the first-line treatment for panic disorder and social anxiety?

6.1.102. Why do some psychiatrists prefer imipramine to antianxiety drugs for the treatment of panic disorder?

6.1.103. At a meeting of psychiatrists, you see a sign for a session titled "Antidepressant drugs: Not just for depression." A summary of the session indicates that the speaker will outline how selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors can be used in treating anxiety disorders. What are some reasons for using these drugs instead of antianxiety drugs?

6.1.104. A group of mental health professionals specialize in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Based on current empirical evidence, these professionals would be well advised to