Question 1

It is probably accurate to assume that in ancient times signs of mental illness were believed to be caused by  a) imbalance of body fluids.  b) demons.  c) improper diet.  d) social forces.

Accepted Answer

b People of ancient times perceived signs of mental illness as caused by demons. Hippocrates, a Greek physician, viewed the imbalance of body fluids as the cause of mental illness, but Hippocrates' time period is not considered ancient times.

Question 2

What is the primary difficulty with applying the criterion of social norm deviance to define abnormal behavior?  a) Norms are difficult to enumerate.  b) Cultures accept and view all behaviors as normal.  c) Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may be acceptable in another.  d) Norms do not guide behavior except in rare instances

Accepted Answer

c Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may be acceptable in another. Most people do allow social norms to guide much of their behavior

Question 3

Which of the following is not a criterion used to decide whether a pattern of behavior should be considered a psychological disorder?  a) The behavior is physically exhausting.  b) The behavior causes subjective distress.  c) The behavior goes against the norms of the society.  d) The behavior is maladaptive.

Accepted Answer

a The three main criteria for a behavior to be considered a psychological disorder are that it deviates from social norms, is maladaptive, and causes the individual personal distress or discomfort.

Question 4

The biological model views psychological disorders as resulting from  a) distorted thought patterns.  b) repressed memories.  c) underlying behavioral issues.  d) physiological causes

Accepted Answer

d The biological model emphasizes physiological or physical causes for psychological disorders. The other three choices represent the psychological models of cognitive, psychoanalytical, and behavioral.

Question 5

Jennie is in her early twenties. Lately, when she looks in the mirror, she sees an obese woman. In reality Jennie is actually of normal weight. Sometimes Jennie eats large quantities of food in one sitting and then makes herself vomit in order to avoid gaining weight. Taken together, Jennie's pattern of symptoms suggests that she may have  a) schizophrenia.  b) bulimia nervosa.  c) anorexia nervosa.  d) agoraphobia

Accepted Answer

b Bulimia nervosa is similar to anorexia in that victims see themselves as being overweight when they are not. However, bulimia differs from anorexia in that it typically begins in the victim's early twenties rather than during puberty. Also, bulimics eat and then purge; whereas, anorexics avoid eating altogether

Question 6

Alan went to see a psychologist to get some help overcoming his anxiety in public. The psychologist spent a lot of time discussing the specific thoughts Alan has when he is in public and trying to help him change those thought patterns. The psychologist could be best described as adhering to the  a) psychological perspective.  b) biological model.  c) psychoanalytical perspective.  d) sociocultural model.

Accepted Answer

a Within the psychological model, cognitive psychologists tend to treat disorders by attempting to change the person's thought patterns

Question 7

Anorexia and bulimia may be considered ______________, as they are most often found in Western societies.  a) restricted syndromes  b) naturalistic syndromes  c) sociocultural disorders  d) culture-bound syndromes

Accepted Answer

d Anorexia and bulimia may be considered culture-bound syndromes, as they tend to occur primarily in Western cultures.

Question 8

_______is used to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.  a) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders  b) The Physician's Desk Reference  c) The Textbook of Psychological Disorders  d) The Textbook of Physiological Disorders

Accepted Answer

a The DSM helps psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders, while the Physician's Desk Reference is used by medical professionals to diagnose physiological problems.

Question 9

When a psychologist or psychiatrist is using the DSM-IV-TR as a guide to evaluating a client, he or she would assess the client on each of five  a) axes.  b) stages.  c) phases.  d) steps.

Accepted Answer

a The DSM-IV-TR uses a system of five different axes for evaluations

Question 10

In any given year in the United States, approximately how many adults over age 18 experience a mental disorder?  a) 5 percent  b) 26 percent  c) 52 percent  d) 76 percent

Accepted Answer

b According to recent studies, approximately 26 percent of the U.S. adult population experiences a mental disorder in a given year.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true about anxiety?  a) It is never considered realistic or normal.  b) Some anxiety is realistic when its source is obvious and understandable.  c) It always manifests itself as a disorder.  d) It is unusual for a mentally healthy person to experience anxiety.

Accepted Answer

b This statement is true because some types of anxiety are normal

Question 12

Over the past few years, Sam has become extremely fearful of going to any public place such as a restaurant, concert, or even the grocery store. On many days, Sam does not even leave his house for fear that he might be caught somewhere that would not be easy to escape from. With which anxiety disorder would Sam most likely be diagnosed?  a) a specific phobia  b) obsessive-compulsive disorder  c) generalized anxiety disorder  d) agoraphobia

Accepted Answer

d Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by an extreme fear of going in public places that would be difficult to escape from if necessary.

Question 13

Liza has an anxiety disorder. She is currently seeing a therapist who believes that anxiety disorders are a result of illogical, irrational thought processes. Liza is probably seeking treatment from a  a) behavioral psychologist.  b) cognitive psychologist.  c) psychoanalyst.  d) psychologist with a biological perspective.

Accepted Answer

b Cognitive psychologists view anxiety disorders as a result of distorted thought processes

Question 14

The cognitive process of magnification could be described as  a) interpreting a single negative event as a never-ending pattern of defeat.  b) making mountains out of molehills.  c) giving little or no emphasis to one's successes or positive events.  d) throwing the baby out with the bath water

Accepted Answer

b Magnification is the tendency to interpret a situation as being far more harmful, dangerous, or embarrassing than it actually is, or in other words, making a big deal out of something that is actually very small.

Question 15

Disorders characterized by a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination are called  a) paraphilias.  b) anxiety disorders.  c) somatoform disorders.  d) dissociative disorders.

Accepted Answer

d Dissociative disorders are characterized by a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination

Question 16

Dissociative identity disorder is a psychological disorder more commonly known as  a) amnesia.  b) fugue or flight disorder.  c) schizophrenia.  d) multiple personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

d Multiple personality disorder is a term no longer used by psychologists but is still very common in the general public.

Question 17

Which of the following perspectives claims that shaping may play a big role in the development of some cases of dissociative identity disorder?  a) psychological  b) humanistic  c) biological  d) psychoanalytic

Accepted Answer

a Within the psychological model of abnormality, behavioral psychologists emphasize shaping through positive and negative reinforcement as a factor in the development of some cases of dissociate identity disorder.

Question 18

Disorders characterized by disturbances in emotion are known as ______ disorders.  a) conversion  b) somatoform  c) mood  d) dissociative

Accepted Answer

c Mood disorders are characterized by disturbances in emotion, while somatoform disorders take the form of bodily ailments that have no physical cause

Question 19

An individual diagnosed with dysthymia would most likely exhibit which of the following symptoms?  a) cycles of being sad then happy then sad  b) mild depression over a period of several years  c) severe depression that appears very rapidly without any apparent reason  d) periods of excessive excitement followed by days or weeks of severe depression

Accepted Answer

b Dysthymia can be thought of as a mild version of depression, while cyclothymia more closely resembles a mild version of bipolar disorder.

Question 20

Which of the following is the biological explanation for mood disorders?  a) They are a result of learned helplessness.  b) They are a result of anger turned inward on oneself.  c) They are a result of distortions in thinking.  d) They are a result of an imbalance of brain chemicals

Accepted Answer

d The biological explanation emphasizes an imbalance of brain chemicals

Question 21

A person suffering from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations, who is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality, is likely suffering from  a) schizophrenia.  b) bipolar disorder.  c) a dissociative disorder.  d) passive-aggressive personality.

Accepted Answer

a Disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, hallucinations, and inability to distinguish between fantasy and reality are all symptoms of schizophrenia. Bipolar disorder is characterized by mood swings between depression and mania and does not involve hallucinations or inability to distinguish between fantasy and reality.

Question 22

The condition in which a person shows little or no emotion is referred to as  a) flat affect.  b) hallucinations.  c) delusions.  d) disorganization.

Accepted Answer

a The word affect is used to mean emotion or mood

Question 23

. The primary feature of ______ schizophrenia is severe disturbance of motor behavior.  a) disorganized  b) catatonic  c) residual  d) paranoid

Accepted Answer

b Severe motor disturbance is a feature of catatonic schizophrenia. Symptoms of residual schizophrenia include negative beliefs, poor language skills, unusual ideas and perceptions

Question 24

Which of the following symptoms would not be considered a negative symptom of schizophrenia?  a) lack of affect  b) poor attention  c) social withdrawal  d) hallucinations

Accepted Answer

d Negative symptoms of schizophrenia reflect a decrease in normal function (such as lack of social interactions or displays of emotions). Hallucinations represent an excess or addition in normal function and would be classified as a positive symptom of schizophrenia.

Question 25

Sal has decreased levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in his prefrontal cortex. Which disorder might he be at risk of experiencing?  a) antisocial personality disorder  b) agoraphobia  c) schizophrenia  d) dissociative fugue

Accepted Answer

c Schizophrenia is associated with an imbalance of dopamine

Question 26

Disorders that affect the entire life adjustment of a person are referred to as  a) somatoform disorders.  b) dissociative disorders.  c) mood disorders.  d) personality disorders.

Accepted Answer

d Personality disorders do not just affect a single aspect of a person's life but rather affect the person's entire life adjustment.

Question 27

A person with antisocial personality disorder would be likely to engage in which of the following behaviors?  a) lying to other people without worrying about the consequences  b) display excessive and inappropriate emotions  c) report hallucinations  d) completely withdraw from society

Accepted Answer

a Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by an individual who acts against society. For example, an individual might commit a crime without feeling any remorse.

Question 28

Which of the following statements represents the biological view of personality disorders?  a) They are due to an inadequate resolution of the Oedipus complex.  b) They are a type of learned behavior.  c) They have physiological causes.  d) They are due to disturbances in family relationships.

Accepted Answer

c The biological perspective focuses on physiological causes for psychological disorders, and cognitive-learning theorists do believe that the behavior displayed by people with personality disorders is learned through reinforcement, shaping, and modeling.

Question 29

__________is a mood disorder that is caused by the body's reaction to low levels of light present in the winter months.  a) Panic disorder  b) Bipolar disorder  c) Dysthymic disorder  d) Seasonal affective disorder

Accepted Answer

d Seasonal affective disorder occurs primarily during the winter months. Dysthymic disorder consists of similar symptoms but is not seasonal in nature.

Question 30

acrophobia

Accepted Answer

fear of heights

Question 31

acute stress disorder (ASD)

Accepted Answer

a disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor with symptoms of anxiety, dissociation, recurring nightmares, sleep disturbances, problems in concentration, and moments in which people seem to relive the event in dreams and flashbacks for as long as 1 month following the event.

Question 32

affect

Accepted Answer

in psychology, a term indicating emotion or mood.

Question 33

agoraphobia

Accepted Answer

fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible.

Question 34

all-or-nothing thinking

Accepted Answer

the tendency to believe that one's performance must be perfect or the result will be a total failure.

Question 35

anorexia nervosa (anorexia)

Accepted Answer

a condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that a weight loss of 15 percent below the ideal body weight or more occurs.

Question 36

antisocial personality disorder

Accepted Answer

disorder in which a person has no morals or conscience and often behaves in an impulsive manner without regard for the consequences of that behavior.

Question 37

anxiety disorders

Accepted Answer

disorders in which the main symptom is excessive or unrealistic anxiety and fearfulness.

Question 38

biological model

Accepted Answer

model of explaining behavior as caused by biological changes in the chemical, structural, or genetic systems of the body

Question 39

biopsychosocial model

Accepted Answer

perspective in which abnormal behavior is seen as the result of the combined and interacting forces of biological, psychological, social, and cultural influences

Question 40

bipolar disorder

Accepted Answer

severe mood swings between major depressive episodes and manic episodes

Question 41

borderline personality disorder

Accepted Answer

maladaptive personality pattern in which the person is moody, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others

Question 42

bulimia nervosa (bulimia)

Accepted Answer

a condition in which a person develops a cycle of binging or overeating enormous amounts of food at one sitting, and then using unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain.

Question 43

catatonic

Accepted Answer

type of schizophrenia in which the person experiences periods of statue-like immobility mixed with occasional bursts of energetic, frantic movement and talking.

Question 44

claustrophobia

Accepted Answer

fear of being in a small enclosed space.

Question 45

cognitive psychologists

Accepted Answer

psychologists who study the way people think, remember and mentally organize information.

Question 46

cultural relativity

Accepted Answer

the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place

Question 47

culture-bound syndromes

Accepted Answer

disorders found only in particular cultures

Question 48

delusional disorder

Accepted Answer

a psychotic disorder in which the primary symptom is one or more delusions.

Question 49

delusions

Accepted Answer

false beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness.

Question 50

depersonalization disorder

Accepted Answer

dissociative disorder in which individuals feel detached and disconnected from themselves, their bodies, and their surroundings.

Question 51

disorganized

Accepted Answer

type of schizophrenia in which behavior is bizarre and childish and thinking, speech, and motor actions are very disordered.

Question 52

dissociative amnesia

Accepted Answer

loss of memory for personal information, either partial or complete

Question 53

dissociative disorders

Accepted Answer

disorders in which there is a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination.

Question 54

dissociative fugue

Accepted Answer

traveling away from familiar surroundings with amnesia for the trip and possible amnesia for personal information

Question 55

dissociative identity

Accepted Answer

disorder disorder occurring when a person seems to have two or more distinct personalities within one body

Question 56

flat affect

Accepted Answer

a lack of emotional responsiveness.

Question 57

free-floating anxiety

Accepted Answer

anxiety that is unrelated to any realistic, known source.

Question 58

generalized anxiety disorder

Accepted Answer

disorder in which a person has feelings of dread and impending doom along with physical symptoms of stress, and which lasts six months or more.

Question 59

hallucinations

Accepted Answer

false sensory perceptions, such as hearing voices that do not really exist

Question 60

magnification.

Accepted Answer

the tendency to interpret situations as far more dangerous, harmful, or important than they actually are

Question 61

major depression

Accepted Answer

severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause, or is too severe for current circumstances

Question 62

maladaptive

Accepted Answer

anything that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands on life

Question 63

manic

Accepted Answer

having the quality of excessive excitement, energy, and elation or irritability

Question 64

minimization

Accepted Answer

the tendency to give little or no importance to one's successes or positive events and traits

Chapter 14 Psych

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