Psychology 101- Exam 1

the corpus callosum is a wide band of axon fibers that

Which division of the autonomic nervous system arouses the body and mobilizes its energy in stressful situations?

A myelin sheath is a

A tendency for the brain's left and right hemispheres to serve different functions is called

A neuron's reaction of either firing at full strength or not firing at all is described as

Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles located on knob-like terminals at the end of the

Motor neurons transmit signals to

the neural center in the limbic system that processes explicit memories for storage is called the

To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of an

A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the

The occipital lobes are to _________ as the temporal lobes are to _____________

To demonstrate that brain stimulation can make a rat violently aggressive a neuroscientist should electrically stimulate the rat's

the two major divisions of the nervous system are the central and the ___________ nervous systems

the capacity of a brain area reorganize in response to damage is known as

the classical case of railroad worker Phineas Gage is best illustrated that frontal lobe damage can

Hormones are the chemical messengers of the

Those whose corpus callosum is surgically severed are said to be patients with

The function of dendrites is to

which limbic system structure regulates thirst and body temperature

In transmitting sensory info to the brain, an electrical signal travels from the _____________ of a single neuron

An axon is

a picture of a dog is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a slip-brain patient. At the same time a picture of a boy is flashed in the righ visual field. In identifying what she saw, the patient would be most likely to

auditory stimulation is processed in the ______________ lobes

the sequence of brain regions from the evolutionarily oldest to the newest is

the chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are called

Two-year old Philip was recently clawed by the neighbor's cat. Philip now fears all small animals. His fear demonstrates the process of

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning is called a )n)

Extinction occurs when a _________ is no longer paired with a __________

Shaping is a(n) _______________ procedure

Administering an aversive stimulus following an operant response is

In which form of learning is behavior influenced by its consequences?

A young child who is spanked after running into the street learns not to repeat this behavior. In this case, the spanking is a

Positive reinforcers __________ the rate of operant responding and negative reinforcers ______________ the rate of operant responding

After a scary biking accident, Alex extinguished his conditioned fear of bikes by cycling on a safe biking trail every day for a week. The reappearance of his previously extinguished fear when he rode a bike on the same trail two weeks late best illustrates

The views of learning advanced by Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson underestimated the importance of

a partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response that occurs after an unpredictable period of time is a ______________ schedule

Pets who learn that the sound of an electric can opener signals the arrival of food illustrate

negative reinforcement ____________ the rate of operant responding and punishment ______________ the rate of operant responding

The reappearance, after a time lapse, of an extinguished CR is called

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

Conditioning is the process of

Resistance to extinction is most strongly encouraged by ___________

Our ability to learn by witnessing the behavior of others best illstrates

Learning specific behaviors simply by watching others perform them is known as

A fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)

Both classical and operant conditioning are forms of

A child's learned fear at the sight of a hypodermic needle is a(n)

Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste aversion in rats demonstrated that classical conditioning is constrained by

A descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a representative sample of a population is known as

the hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to

What is most useful for helping survey researchers avoid false generalizations?

The scientific attitude requires an open-minded humility because it involves a willingness to

The most foolproof way of testing whether a newly introduced method of psychological therapy is truly effective is to use

When every individual in large population has a small but equal chance of being included in a survey, researchers are using a procedure known as

In an experimental study of the impact of exposure to criticism on self-esteem, exposure to criticism would be the _____________ variable

a statement describing the exact procedures for measuring an anticipated experimental outcome is known as a(n)

To accurately isolate cause and effect, experimenters should use

To study the potential effects of social interaction on problem solving, some research participants were instructed to solve problems by working together; other participants were told to solve problems by working alone. Those who worked alone were assigned to the ________ group.

A descriptive technique of monitoring and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to change or control the situation is called

The case study is a research method in which

Professor Delano suggests that because people are especially attracted to those who are good-looking, handsome men will be more successful than average-looking men in getting a job. The professor's prediction regarding employment success is an example of

In a survey, psychologists select a random sample of research participants in order to ensure that

Suppose that people who watch a lot of violence on TV are also particularly likely to behave aggressively. This relationship would NOT necessarily indicate that watching violence influences aggressive behavior because

The explanatory power of a scientific theory is most closely linked to its capacity to generate testable

Researchers use experiments rather than other research methods in order to isolate

Research participants are randomly assigned to different groups in an experiment in order to

The biggest danger of relying on case study evidence is that it

A correlation between physical attractiveness and dating frequency of +0.60 would indicate that

New technologies such as smart phone apps and body-worn sensors have enabled the collection of "big data" by means of

Which of the following is true for those assigned to a control group

In contrast to explicit, conscious reasoning, an effortless and immediate automatic judgment is best described as a(n)

An experiment was designed to study the potential impact of alcohol consumption on emotional stability. A specification of the procedures used to measure emotional stability illustrates

A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment is called a

Which of the following is most likely to inhibit critical thinking?

a hypothesis is a(n)

To discover the extent to which economic status can be used to predict political preferences, researchers are most likely to use

Which of the following methods is most helpful for clarifying cause-effect relationships?

Which research method would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between the religious beliefs of Americans and their attitudes toward abortion?

three key attitudes of scientific inquiry are

Potential research participants are told enough about an upcoming study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate. This illustrates the practice of seeking

The group exposed to a newly created drug that is being tested in an experiment is called the ________ group.

In a study of the effects of drinking alcohol, some participants drank a nonalcoholic beverage that actually smelled and tasted like alcohol. This nonalcoholic drink was a

Illusory correlation refers to

Which of the following correlations between self-esteem and body weight would enable you to most accurately predict body weight from knowledge of level of self-esteem?

Testing hypotheses and refining theories in light of those tests is central to

Rodesia insists that Dr. Phillips' theory of aggression be checked against observable evidence. She is demonstrating the scientific attitude of

The perception that psychological research findings merely verify our commonsense understanding is most clearly facilitated by

In a psychological experiment, the experimental factor that is manipulated by the investigator is called the ________ variable.

After an experiment, research participants are told its purpose and about any deception they may have experienced. This is called

Repeating the essence of a previous research study to verify that the findings of the original study extend to a new group of research participants and to different circumstances is called

Correlational research is most useful for purposes of