physical anthro ch.12

23 March 2024
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In the study of human evolution, scientists define modern in terms of:
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a series of distinctive anatomical traits that contrast with archaic traits from earlier hominins
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Modern humans have:
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a high vertical forehead, a round and tall skull, and small browridges
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Broken Hill, Dali, and Atapuerca are sites where specimens of _______ have been discovered.
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Archaic Homo sapiens
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Archaic Homo sapiens:
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Shows a mixture of Homo erectus and Homo sapiens traits
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The last Neandertals date to:
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32,000 yBP
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To date, the majority of Neandertal fossils have been found in:
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Europe and western Asia.
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Analyses of modern human genetic variation indicate that Homo sapiens may have evolved approximately:
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200,000 yBP
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Traits of anatomically modern humans include:
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an average cranial capacity of 1,500 cc.
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Anatomically modern human fossils were discovered in the European Upper Paleolithic site of:
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Cro-Magnon, France.
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The people represented by the Denisova fossils likely:
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Share a common ancestor with Neandertals
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The multiregional continuity hypothesis supposes that:
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The transition to modernity took place regionally and without involving replacement
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In Atapeura 5, early archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertal specimens show heavy wear on the incisors and canines, indicating:
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The use of the front teeth for gripping materials
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Neandertals' cold-adapted traits include:
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A projecting midface
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The oldest Neandertal site dates to _______, at _______.
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130,000 yBP; Krapina, Croatia
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The European archeological period that is marked by a great increase in technology and various kinds of art starting about 35,000 yBP is called the:
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Upper Paleolithic period
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The Middle Paleolithic is associated with _______ tools, which Neandertals produced.
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Mousterian
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The Levallois method of stone tool production is associated with the:
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Mousterin.
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The Middle Paleolithic prepared-core stone tools that are associated with Neandertals are called:
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Mousterian.
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The best fossil evidence to suggest that Neandertals could produce a language like that of modern humans comes from which bone(s) collected at Kebara, Israel?
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The hyoid
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Painted perforated shells are evidence that Neandertals:
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Used body ornaments
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Compared to modern Homo sapiens, archaic Homo sapiens has:
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-A taller and wider nasal aperture, a more projecting occipital bone, larger teeth, and no chin -A longer and lower skull, a larger browridge, and a bigger and more projecting face.
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The Neandertals' disappearance after 30,000 yBP likely resulted from their:
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Assimilation
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The discovery of modern/archaic hybrid fossils supports which model of modern human origins?
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Assimilation
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All fossils of archaic Homo sapiens and earlier Homo erectus show:
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-Continued reduction in skeletal robusticity and tooth size -Expansion of the brain and increased cultural complexity
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The Herto skulls from Ethiopia:
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Have a combination of archaic and modern features
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The fossils called Homo floresiensis were dated to:
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18,000 yBP
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Human beings first arrived in the Americas approximately:
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15,000 yBP
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The Homo floresiensis specimen:
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Fits Allen's rule in body proportions
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According to John Relethford, the most likely reasons for modern humans to have migrated out of Africa during the late Pleistocene include:
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-Loss of food supply -Climate change
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The earliest archaeological evidence of humans in Australia is from _______, dating to _______.
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Lake Mungo; 40,000 yBP
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A distinctive trait of people from East Asia and the Americas is:
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Shovel-shaped incisors
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Early Native Americans used which distinctive fluted spear points to hunt large-bodied Ice Age mammals?
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Clovis points
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The morphology of the Paleoindian skull from Kennewick indicates that it:
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Looks quite different from modern Native Americans' skulls
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A hominid fossil that has a long, low skull, projecting face and occipital bone, and large nasal aperture is likely to be classified as having _______ characteristics.
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Archaic
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While on an archaeological dig in Europe, you find a stone tool that is rounded on one side and has had flakes removed from the other side, giving it the appearance of a tortoise shell. This is likely to be a(n):
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none of the above
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Allen's and Bergmann's rules are perfect examples of natural selection's effects on anatomical adaptations to environments in mammals. These include the limb and trunk proportions of:
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Neandertals, modern human populations, and most mammals
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Sub-Saharan Africans show the largest genetic diversity of any human population. This is likely to have resulted from the:
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Accumulations of genetic mutations over time
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The most distinctive traits about the cold adaptation complex of Neandertals are:
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The body and the length of the arms and legs.
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The transition to fully modern Homo sapiens was completed globally by about:
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25,000 yBP
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The out-of-Africa model asserts:
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A single origin of modern people and eventual replacement of archaic Homo sapiens throughout Africa, Asia, and Europe