Nature vs Nurture Questions

According to evolutionary psychologists, behaviors that promote reproductive success are likely to be: 1) ecologically disruptive. 2) socially prohibited. 3) disease-producing. 4) genetically predisposed.

Chromosomes are contained within: 1) brain cells. 2) all of the above. 3) sperm cells. 4) blood cells. 5) bone cells.

evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute gender differences in attitudes toward casual sex to the fact that men have ________ than do women. 1) a weaker sense of empathy 2) larger bodies 3) greater reproductive potential 4) stronger gender identity

Although identical twins have been shown to have some amazing psychological similarities, one should be cautious about attributing these similarities to genetic factors because: 1) genetic factors influence physical, not psychological, characteristics. 2) the twins may have been raised in completely different environments. 3) any two strangers are likely to share a string of coincidental similarities. 4) many fraternal twins have been shown to be psychologically different from each other.

If a genetically based attraction to beautiful people contributes to survival, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. This best illustrates: 1) gender schema theory. 2) social variation. 3) behavior genetics. 4) natural selection.

Sperm is to cell as DNA is to: 1) molecule. 2) gene. 3) chromosome. 4) nucleotide.

Evolutionary psychologists would be least likely to predict that: 1) a woman would prefer to marry a man who is wealthier than herself. 2) a man would prefer to marry a woman who is better looking than himself. 3) a woman would engage in casual sex with many male partners. 4) a man would be distressed by the sexual infidelity of his wife.

Heritability refers to the extent to which: 1) unrelated individuals share common genes. 2) adult personality is determined by infant temperament. 3) genetic mutations can be transmitted to one's offspring. 4) trait differences among individuals are attributable to genetic variations.

Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that: 1) people are the most romantically attracted to those who are the most genetically dissimilar to themselves. 2) genetic predispositions have little effect on our social relationships. 3) children are not likely to be abused by their biological parents. 4) fathers are more protective of their children than are mothers.

A segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a specific protein is called a: 1) neurotransmitter. 2) hormone. 3) gene. 4) gender schema. 5) chromosome.

A child's temperament is likely to be: 1) difficult to observe. 2) stable over time. 3) a product of parenting style. 4) a reflection of their gender schemas.

An evolutionary psychologist would suggest that people are genetically predisposed to: 1) do all of the above. 2) fear dangerous animals. 3) seek healthy-looking mates. 4) love their own children.

The home environment most clearly has a greater influence on children's ________ than on their ________. 1) temperament; political attitudes 2) gender identity; gender schemas 3) extraversion; table manners 4) religious beliefs; personality traits

Assessing possible linkages between specific nucleotide sequences and bipolar disorder would be of greatest interest to a(n): 1) evolutionary psychologist. 2) gender schema theorist. 3) molecular geneticist. 4) social learning theorist.

Professor Assad suggested that a cautious attitude toward sexual encounters has proven to be more reproductively advantageous to women than to men because the reproduction process is more time-consuming for women than for men. This suggestion best illustrates the logic of a(n) ________ theory of sexual behavior. 1) social learning 2) evolutionary 3) Freudian 4) gender schema

In attracting potential mates, women are more likely than men to advertise their own ________, and men are more likely than women to advertise their own ________. 1) sexual experience; sexual inexperience 2) athletic skills; parenting skills 3) intelligence; nurturance 4) good looks; wealth

The study of the relative power of genetic and environmental influences on behavior and personality traits is known as: 1) evolutionary psychology. 2) human cloning. 3) molecular genetics. 4) behavior genetic

Two individuals are most likely to share similar personality traits if they are ________ twins who were reared ________. 1) identical; together 2) fraternal; apart 3) fraternal; together 4) identical; apart

Who are likely to show the greatest similarity in temperament? 1) Ruth and Ramona, identical twins 2) Philip and Paul, fraternal twins 3) Larry and Laura, brother and sister 4) Vincent Sr. and Vincent Jr., father and son

he personalities of adopted children: 1) are more similar to the personalities of their caregiving adoptive parents than to the personalities of their biological parents. 2) are not very similar to the personalities of their adoptive parents. 3) are very similar to the personalities of their biologically related siblings. 4) are very similar to the personalities of the other children in their adoptive famili

The heritability of a specific trait will be greatest among genetically ________ individuals who have been raised in ________ environments. Incorrect Response 1) similar; similar 2) dissimilar; similar 3) similar; dissimilar 4) dissimilar; dissimilar

Human genetic diversity consists of the variations in the sequence of our: 1) nucleotides. 2) memes. 3) hormones. 4) synapses.

Compared with men, women are ________ likely to agree to go to bed with a stranger and ________ likely to perceive simple friendliness as a sexual come-on. 1) less; more 2) more; more 3) more; less 4) less; less

Compared to identical twins, fraternal twins are ________ similar in neuroticism and ________ similar in attitudes toward organized religion. 1) less; less 2) more; more 3) more; less 4) less; more

Environmental influences on personality traits are most clearly highlighted by comparing ________ with ________.

Genes are to nucleotides as ________ are to ________.

Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to human: 1) genetic mutations. 2) personality variations. 3) heritability. 4) reproductive success.

Gender role refers to: 1) the set of expected behaviors for males and females. 2) how masculine a boy is or how feminine a girl is. 3) the sense of being homosexual or heterosexual. 4) the sense of being male or female. 5) one's biological sex.

Dante is healthier than his twin brother because he developed with a better placental barrier against viruses. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on development. 1) early environment 2) temperament 3) gender schemas 4) genetic predispositions

On extended visits to foreign countries, you would be most likely to observe: 1) men and women equally involved in violent crime. 2) women earning approximately the same amount of money as men. 3) men and women equally involved in child care. 4) more men than women in leadership positions.

Those who suggest that our choices today shape tomorrow's possibilities are emphasizing the importance of: 1) personal space. 2) human responsibility. 3) behavior genetics. 4) memes.

Compared with Asian parents, North American parents today place ________ emphasis on obedience and ________ emphasis on family loyalty. 1) less; more 2) less; less 3) more; less 4) more; more

Personal space refers to: 1) our inner private thoughts and personally subjective feelings about ourselves. 2) areas of a home, such as a bedroom, where privacy is important. 3) the distance we like to maintain between ourselves and other people. 4) the priority we give to our own personal needs over group needs.

Studies indicate that ________ prefer more personal space than do ________. 1) North Americans; Latin Americans 2) the French; the British 3) Arabs; Scandinavians 4) women; men

Frans avoids talking with food in his mouth because other people think it is crude and inappropriate. This best illustrates the impact of: 1) schemas. 2) norms. 3) stereotypes. 4) roles.

Children's tendency to classify behavior and personality traits in terms of masculine and feminine categories is of most direct relevance to: 1) gender schema theory. 2) Freudian psychology. 3) behavior genetics. 4) evolutionary psychology.

Evolutionary psychologists refer to memes as self-replicating: 1) neural connections. 2) gender schemas. 3) cultural mutations. 4) natural mutations.

The human genome is the complete: 1) sequence of nucleotides organized as coiled chains of DNA. 2) cascade of interactions between genetic predispositions and surrounding environments. 3) set of human sexual characteristics regulated by the X and Y chromosomes. 4) range of traits that contribute to reproductive success.

Critics of evolutionary psychology are most likely to suggest that it: 1) inhibits progressive efforts to change common social practices. 2) overestimates the impact of genetic mutations on human personality. 3) underestimates the extent to which similar gender differences are found in all cultures. 4) underestimates the impact of genetic predispositions on human sexual behavior.

Babies with an intense and highly reactive temperament tend to be: 1) intelligent and imaginative. 2) fearless and assertive. 3) irritable and unpredictable. 4) extraverted and cheerful.

For children from impoverished environments, stimulating educational experiences during early childhood are most likely to: 1) prevent the degeneration of activated connections between neurons. 2) have no discernable effect on subsequent academic performance. Incorrect Response 3) facilitate the development of nucleotides. 4) decrease their emotional attachment to their own parents.

Cross-cultural research on human development indicates that: 1) gender differences in behavior result from differences in biology rather than from differences in life experiences. 2) differences among cultural groups largely reflect genetic differences among racial groups. 3) person-to-person differences within cultural groups are larger than differences between groups. 4) developmental processes differ greatly among individuals raised in different cultures.

An awareness that children's temperaments influence parents' child-rearing practices should inhibit our tendency to: 1) identify cultural differences in child-rearing practices. 2) assess the heritability of human intelligence. 3) blame parents for our own dysfunctional characteristics. 4) emphasize the interaction of nature and nurture.

Adopted children raised in the same family are not especially likely to have similar personality traits. This most clearly implies that we should be cautious about attributing personality to: 1) gender differences. 2) peer influences. 3) genetic predispositions. 4) parental influences.

In comparison to parental influence, peer influence is ________ likely to affect a child's English accent and ________ likely to affect a child's educational success. 1) more; less 2) more; more 3) less; more 4) less; less

Cultural diversity best illustrates our: 1) gender identities. 2) adaptive capacities. 3) human temperaments. 4) gene complexes.

Compared to environmentally impoverished rats, rats housed in enriched environments experienced a dramatic increase in the number of their: 1) schemas. 2) nucleotides. 3) brain cells. 4) synapses.

Those who suggest that our choices today shape tomorrow's possibilities are emphasizing the importance of: 1) memes. 2) personal space. 3) human responsibility. 4) behavior genetics.