Medical Terminology Chapter 9 (The Urinary System)

hernia, tumor, swelling

urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid

through, between, apart, complete

stretching, dilation, enlargement

glomerulus

stone, calculus

breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening

kidney

surgical fixation

renal pelvis, bowl of kidney

to crush

urine, urinary tract

ureter

urethra

urination, urine

The removal of a body part or the destruction of its function.

The absence of urine formation by the kidneys.

An abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland

The progressive loss of renal function over months or years.

Inflammation of the bladder.

A hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall; also called a prolapsed bladder.

A stone located in the urinary bladder.

The surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall.

The visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope.

A procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function

The increased output of urine.

Excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues.

The final stage of chronic kidney disease that is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are successfully replaced by dialysis or with a successful kidney transplant.

The involuntary discharge of urine.

A congenital abnormality affecting the opening of the urethral opening. In the male, the opening is located on the upper surface of the penis. In the female, the urethral opening is located in the region of the clitoris.

The use of high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel to break up kidney stones into fragments, which are then excreted in the urine.

A form of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine.

A procedure that filters waste products directly from the patient's blood to replace the function of damaged kidneys.

The dilation of one or both kidneys that is the result of an obstruction of the flow of urine.

Distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked.

The presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine.

The presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood.

A congenital abnormality in the placement of the urethral opening. In the male, the urethral opening is on the under surface of the penis. In the female, the urethral opening is into the vagina.

The inability to control the excretion of urine and/or feces.

A chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder.

A radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters using a contrast medium to diagnose changes in the urinary tract. Also known as excretory urography

A stone located in the kidney; also known as renal calculus or a kidney stone.

The presence of a stone or stones in the kidney.

The freeing of a kidney from adhesions.

The microscopic functional units of each kidney where urine is produced through the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

Any kidney disease including degenerative and inflammatory conditions.

The prolapse, or dropping down, of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands; also known as a floating kidney.

Suppuration of the kidney.

The placement of a catheter to maintain an opening from the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body.

A groups of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine, resulting in abnormally low levels of protein in the blood.

A urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination.

Frequent and excessive urination during the night.

Urinary incontinence during sleep.

Scanty urination.

The surgical removal of a nephrolith through a small incision in the back.

Dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood

An inherited kidney disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys leading eventually to kidney failure.

Excessive urination.

A disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatichyperplasia.

A surgical incision into the renal pelvis.

The placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made in the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone

A toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which urea and other waste products are retained in the blood; also known as uremic poisoning.

The distention of a ureter.

A stone located anywhere along the ureter.

The discharge of blood from a ureter.

The surgical suturing of a ureter.

Inflammation of the urethra.

The surgical repair of damage or a defect in the walls of the urethra.

Bleeding from the urethra.

Narrowing of the urethra.

A surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture

The insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to procure a sterile specimen for diagnostic purposes, to drain urine from the bladder when the patient is unable to urinate, or to place medication into the bladder.

An abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina.

A diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra.

A rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children.

is the major waste product of protein metabolism

constantly filter the blood to remove waste products and excess water.

means pertaining to the kidneys

is the outer region of the kidney. This layer of tissue contains more than one million microscopic units called nephrons

is the inner region of the kidney, and it contains most of the urine-collecting tubules

which is a cluster of capillaries, surrounded by a cup-shaped membrane called the Bowman's capsule, and a renal tubule

Blood enters the kidney through the _____ ______ and flows into the nephrons

After passing through the filtration system of the glomerulus, the filtered blood containing protein and blood cells leaves the kidney and returns to the bloodstream through the _____ ____

is the funnel-shaped area inside each kidney that is surrounded by the renal cortex and medulla. This is where the newly formed urine from the nephrons collects before it flows into the ureters.

are two narrow tubes, each about 10 to 12 inches long, which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder

Urine drains from the ureters into the bladder through the ________ ________ in the wall of the urinary bladder

means opening

is an oval, hollow, muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body

is the tube extending from the bladder to the exterior of the body

also known as the urinary meatus, is the external opening of the urethra

is approximately 1.5 inches long, and the urethral meatus is located between the clitoris and the opening of the vagina

means the external opening of a canal.

is approximately 8 inches long, and the urethral meatus is located at the tip of the penis

which is part of the male reproductive system, surrounds the urethra

also known as voiding or micturition, is the normal process of excreting urine.

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males

also known as kidney failure, is the inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their functions

is an elevation of the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) caused by a lack of blood flow to each kidney

has sudden onset and is characterized by uremia. It can be fatal if not reversed promptly. This condition can be caused by the kidneys not receiving enough blood to filter due to dehydration or a sudden drop in blood volume or blood pressure from injury, burns, or a severe infection

is an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys

is an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a nephrolith

means spasms of pain in the abdomen

also known as calculus, is an abnormal mineral deposit that has formed within the body and is named for the organ or tissue where it is located

pain in the bladder

is the backward flow of urine into the ureters from the bladder

an abnormal passage between two internal organs

an increase in cell numbers typically associated with tumor growth

is one of the most common cancers among men. The disease can grow slowly with no symptoms, or it can grow aggressively and spread throughout the body.

is a group of disorders characterized by the inflammation of the prostate gland

is an abnormal discharge from the urethra

usually begins in the bladder; however, such an infection can affect all parts of the urinary system

is an inflammation of both the renal pelvis and kidney

is difficult or painful urination

is difficulty in starting a urinary stream

also known as ischuria, is the inability to completely empty the bladder when attempting to urinate

is the inability to control the voiding of urine

is continuous leaking from the bladder either because it is full or because it does not empty completely

is the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, lifting, sneezing, laughing, or coughing

also known as urge incontinence, occurs when the muscles of the bladder contract involuntarily even though the bladder is not actually full enough to indicate the need to urinate

is the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements

is the use of a handheld ultrasound transducer to look for stones or for elevation of the bladder by an enlarged prostate and to measure the residual amount of urine remaining in the bladder after urination

also known as a CT scan, is more commonly used as a primary tool for evaluation of the urinary system because it can be rapidly performed and provides additional imaging of the abdomen, which may reveal other potential sources for the patient's symptoms.

is a blood test to check how well the kidneys are functioning at filtering blood. This test can help diagnose chronic kidney disease and kidney failure

is a radiographic, or x-ray, examination of the bladder after a contrast medium is instilled via a urethral catheter

is a radiographic study without the use of a contrast medium. This study, also referred to as a flat-plate of the abdomen, is used to detect bowel obstructions and nephroliths

is a radiograph of the urinary system taken after a contrast medium has been placed in the urethra through a sterile catheter and caused to flow upward through the urinary tract

is performed on men by using a lubricated, gloved finger placed in the rectum to palpate the prostate gland to detect prostate enlargement and to look for indications of prostate cancer or tumors of the rectum

is used to screen for prostate cancer. This test measures the amount of prostate-specific antigen that is present in a blood specimen

are medications administered to increase urine secretion, primarily to rid the body of excess water and salt

also known as nephrorrhaphy, is the surgical fixation of nephroptosis, or a floating kidney

commonly known as a kidney transplant, is the grafting of a donor kidney, from either a living or nonliving donor, into the body to replace the recipient's failed kidneys

is the surgical removal of a ureter

is a treatment for a nephrolith lodged in the ureter

is the surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder.

or urinary ileostomy, is the use of a small piece of intestine to convey urine to the ureters and to a stoma in the abdomen

is the surgical suturing of a wound or defect in the bladder

is a surgical incision for the removal of a nephrolith from the bladder

catheter that remains inside the body for a prolonged time based on need

is performed by inserting a plastic tube called a catheter though the urethra and into the bladder

is the most common type of indwelling catheter. This device is made of a flexible tube with a balloon filled with sterile water at the end to hold it in place in the bladder

also known as a short-term catheter, is inserted as needed several times a day to drain urine from the bladder

is a surgical incision made in the urethral meatus to enlarge the opening

is the surgical removal of part or all of the prostate gland

is the removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope

is when an orgasm results in semen flowing backward into the bladder instead of out through the penis

named for Dr. Arnold Kegel, are a series of pelvic muscle exercises used to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor

is behavioral therapy in which the patient learns to urinate on a schedule, with increasingly longer time intervals as the bladder increases its capacity