MCB3020 Exam 1

Gram-positive bacteria have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan than gram-negative bacteria.

The concept that human and animal diseases are caused by microorganisms is called the

Who is credited with developing and documenting the first vaccination procedure against smallpox?

Although penicillin inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis, bacterial cells will continue to grow normally in the presence of penicillin in a(n) __________ environment.

Which of the following contribute to the environmental resistance of bacterial endospores?

External structures that are found in Archaea but not Bacteria are _________.

Chemotaxis is a process by which bacteria

The Archaea generally lack which of the following that are normally found in gram-negative bacteria?

Transport of two different substances can be linked. If the transport is in the same direction it is called __________; if the transport is in opposite directions it is called __________.

Although developed over 100 years ago, Koch's postulates continue to be used successfully in all known human infectious diseases.

Which of the following is not part of the process by which an endospore transforms to become a vegetative cell?

Which of the following are part of the process by which an endospore transforms to become a vegetative cell?

_______ is a peptidoglycan-like molecule found in the cell walls of some archaea.

During the lag phase of microbial growth, the cells are metabolically inactive.

The most widely accepted current model for membrane structures is called the __________ model.

Penicillin inhibits bacterial growth by preventing the cross-linking during peptidoglycan synthesis. Why does penicillin not inhibit growth of archaeal cells?

Resolution improves when the wavelength of the illuminating light decreases.

Molecules or regions of molecules that readily interact with water are said to be __________, whereas molecules or regions of molecules that are insoluble in water or do not readily interact with water are said to be hydrophobic.

In the Gram-staining procedure, the primary stain is

It was possible to view viruses only after the invention of the electron microscope because they are too small to be seen with a light microscope.

Small internal cell structures are best visualized with a

Organisms that require high levels of sodium chloride in order to grow are called __________ organisms.

The cell membrane is a rigid structure that provides bacteria with their characteristic shapes.

The cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria

Bacteria have a region of the cytoplasm known as the __________, which is not bounded by a membrane but contains the chromosome.

Microdomains in eukaryotic plasma membranes can participate in

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is also known as

Endospores represent a challenge to the fields of industrial and medical microbiology because

The bacterium E. coli swims in a straight line, called a __________, for a few seconds; then it stops, tumbles, then swims away in a new direction.

The movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration with the expenditure of energy is called

Who of the following developed a set of criteria that could be used to establish a causative link between a particular microorganism and a particular disease?

Which of the following is/are true of capsules?

The term used to describe bacteria that are shaped like curved rods is

The movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the use of a carrier molecule embedded in the membrane is called

Gram-positive bacteria have a structurally and chemically more complex cell wall than gram-negative bacteria.

In the Gram-staining procedure, the counterstain is

Bacterial cells that are variable in shape are called

Which of the following is considered a cardinal growth temperature?

A culture in a closed vessel to which no additional medium is added and from which no waste products are removed is called a __________ culture.

Rigid bacteria with a helical cell shape are called

Which of the following is useful in distinguishing between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Immersion oil increases the amount of light entering the objective lens.

An instrument that magnifies slight differences in the refractive index of cell structures is called a (n) __________ microscope.

Endospores are resistant to most environmental stressors because they have _____ complexed with calcium ions which stabilize DNA.

The extreme insolubility of ferric iron leaves little free iron available for transport into bacterial cells.

Acid-fast organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis contain __________ constructed from mycolic acids in their cell walls.

Which of the following is a characteristic of active transport?

Which of the following structures is NOT found in an endospore?

A strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae has undergone a mutation and is no longer able to make pili. Predict the most likely outc

All of the following statements about the periplasmic space are true except:

All eukaryotes have a membrane-delimited nucleus.

Ribosomes are not considered to be organelles because they are not bounded by a membrane.

The term used to describe bacteria that have a spherical shape is

Organisms that grow near deep-sea volcanic vents are likely to be

The concept that living organisms arise from nonliving material is called

Flexible bacteria with a helical shape are called

Small circular DNA molecules capable of replicating and containing genes that are useful but not necessary to the bacterium are called __________.

Lipids with polar and nonpolar ends are said to be

The Gram-staining procedure is an example of ________________________.

Endospores are reproductive structures.

Scanning electron microscopy is most often used to reveal

How do spheroplasts and protosplasts differ?

You discover a new transport system used by a newly discovered bacterial species. The sugars that are transported using this system are phosphorylated as they enter the bacterial cell. You would describe this transport system as a(n) _____.

The instrument that produces a bright image of the specimen against a dark background is called a (n) __________ microscope.

The total number of viable microorganisms remains constant in stationary phase because

After the primary stain has been added but before the decolorizer has been used, gram-positive organisms are stained __________ and gram-negative organisms are stained __________.

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the participation of specific carrier molecules is called

Organisms that have their optimum growth pH between 0.0 and 5.5 are called __________.

If you forgot to apply the safranin counterstain while performing a Gram stain, which outcome would you expect?

Nutrients can be concentrated from dilute solutions by

Cells with a relatively complex morphology that have a true membrane-delimited nucleus are called

Media containing some ingredients of unknown chemical composition are called __________ media.

Which of the following protects bacteria from lysis in dilute solutions and helps to determine their cellular morphology or shape?

Which bacterial structure may survive if temperatures applied during food preservation processes are too low?

Agar is an excellent solidifying agent for microbiological media because

A growth medium that favors the growth of some microorganisms but inhibits the growth of other microorganisms is a __________ medium.

All of the following are characteristics of spread plates EXCEPT

All of the following are characteristics of spread plates

Bacterial and archaeal ribosomes are known as _____ ribosomes, based on their sedimentation coefficient.

Eukaryotic ribosomes are known as _____ ribosomes, based on their sedimentation coefficient.

The plasma membrane of eukaryotes contains all of the following EXCEPT

The plasma membrane of eukaryotes contains all of the following

Immersion oil can be used to increase the resolution achieved with some microscope lenses because it increases the __________ between the specimen and the objective lens.

Proteins that are loosely associated with the cytoplasmic membrane are called __________ proteins.

__________ is the process through which endospores are formed within a vegetative cell.

Gram staining divides bacterial species into two groups based on differences in cell wall structure.

Pasteur

Hooke

Semmelweis

Snow

Ehrlich

Fleming

Griffith

Watson and Crick

Three domains of life

Five-kingdom system

Monera

Viruses