GEO2200 Exam 2 (Quizzes 7-13)

What does a hydrograph display?

In comparing two cross-sections of a river, we can talk about their discharge (Q) as being the product of their depth (D), width (W) and velocity (V). Q = D * W * V. If at the second cross-section, the depth of the river is much deeper, what must also change to keep the discharges equal (by conservation of mass)?

Of all the special properties of water, the most important for landscape modification by chemical erosion is its _____.

A population of cows is in steady state. The birth rate is 7 calves per year, the death rate is 7 cows per year, and the average residence time for cows on the farm is 4 years. How large is the herd?

Most of the rain/precipitation that occurs on Earth falls into the oceans.

According to your knowledge of the effects of urbanization on the natural landscape, which is the hydrograph after urbanization?

Since the water cycle is balanced, the average annual precipitation worldwide must equal the quantity of water evaporated.

What is the primary energy source for the Hydrologic Cycle?

Identify each of the indicated component parts of the hydrologic cycle by selecting the correct response.

This cross section shows the location of 5 wells and the water table. Which well is most likely to be an artesian well?

What is a possible consequence of overpumping of groundwater?

The permeability of a material refers to

Which of these numbered features contains most of Earth's water?

Which of the following can be caused by overpumping of groundwater?

Of the following choices, the best indicator of drought is

This water balance diagram below suggests that

Which of the following is a common setting for a spring?

Which of the following is true about the water table?

Which of the following energy sources drives the hydrologic cycle?

Which of the following is true about internal and external processes?

This diagram shows magnetic stripes on either side of the mid-ocean ridge. How many times did the magnetic field change polarity to form all of the stripes shown here?

Which of the following is used to match continents or track positions of the continents in the past?

Oceanic crust is MORE DENSE than continental crust.

Which of the following is NOT the name of a supercontinent?

In the diagram below, which layer(s) correspond to the mantle?

On this map of the South Atlantic, which letter is on a transform fault?

The hypothesis of continental drift was not widely accepted because

Which area(s) on this world map is likely to have volcanoes above sea level?

Which of the layers in the diagram below are solid or mostly solid?

A force that is important in driving plate tectonics is

On this map of the south Atlantic, why is the mid-ocean ridge in the center of the ocean?

The East African Rift and its neighboring plates are pictured below. What is the main type of geophysical feature in this region?

The East African Rift and its neighboring plates are pictured below. Comparing locations A, B and C, where would you expect to find the oldest rocks?

The below figure shows the dates in megaannum (Ma), or millions of years before present, of a series of volcanic rock in the Yellowstone area. What is the main type of geophysical feature?

Using the IRIS Earthquake Browser (http://www.iris.washington.edu/servlet/eventserver/map.do (Links to an external site.)) we've captured a picture of earthquakes in central South America: Notice the pattern of earthquakes. Use the legend key and your knowledge of plate tectonics to figure out what this means. What type of plate boundary is depicted here?

250 million years ago, the Atlantic Ocean did not even exist yet, because all of the Earth's continents were, at that time, assembled into one large landmass (the super-continent called Pangea).

The below figure shows the dates in megaannum (Ma), or millions of years before present, of a series of volcanic rock in the Yellowstone area. Relative to the Yellowstone Caldera, what is the movement direction of this plate?

If the Atlantic Ocean is widening at a rate of 3 cm per year, how far (in kilometers) will it spread in a million years? Remember to convert your answer from centimeters to kilometers (1 km = 1000 m and 1 m = 100 cm.) NOTE that this is a realistic spreading rate, something on the order of the rate that fingernails grow!

The East African Rift and its neighboring plates are pictured below. What are the relative movement directions of plates A and B in this figure?

The most dangerous type of volcano is a

On this map of southeastern Asia and adjacent areas, which site would have earthquakes along a subduction zone?

What type of deformation is shown in this photograph?

The higher the gas pressure builds in a magma,

Which of the following is NOT evidence of recent activity at a volcano?

Volcanic mudflows (lahars) are common on composite volcanoes because

On this map of southeastern Asia and adjacent areas, which site would have earthquakes along a continental collision?

What do the two stars near the center of this block represent?

What is the tectonic setting of the large 2011 Tohuku earthquake in Japan?

This photograph from the 1964 Alaskan earthquake shows a white area of seafloor that was uplifted during the event. What does this observation specifically suggest about how the earthquake might cause damage?

Using the IRIS Earthquake Browser (http://www.iris.washington.edu/servlet/eventserver/map.do) we've captured a picture of earthquakes in central South America: Notice the pattern of earthquakes. Use the legend key and your knowledge of plate tectonics to figure out what this means. Why do we see 'red' earthquakes towards the center of the continent, and 'purple'/'blue' along the coast? Please read your choices carefully! Hint: Use the legend key to figure out what 'red' versus 'purple' earthquakes. Also, determine which type of plate boundary is here.

Notice the pattern of earthquakes. Use the legend key and your knowledge of plate tectonics to figure out what this means. What direction (in relation to the continental South American plate) is the oceanic plate (Nazca plate) moving?

Using the IRIS Earthquake Browser (http://www.iris.washington.edu/servlet/eventserver/map.do) we've captured two pictures of southern California earthquakes. The image on the left shows the selected area, and the image on the right shows the depth of the earthquakes. Based upon the images presented, and thinking about the depth of the earthquakes, which of the following statements is true?

Composite volcanoes are so called because they

Which of the following factors makes a site near a volcano relatively more dangerous?

Which are true of faults?

Which of the following is NOT a way that volcanoes and magma can cause earthquakes?

Which of the following are characteristics of actively erupting volcanoes?

Where do most earthquakes occur near mid-ocean ridges?

Which of the following is a valid statement about how rocks respond to stress?

In 1999, heavy rains caused debris floods and flash floods that raced through the coastal cities. What should have warned the people of coastal northern Venezuela that they were in a hazardous zone?

What is the main reason why the oceans are salty?

Which sequence of events is required to form a limestone cave where you can walk around and observe cave formations, such as stalactites? (Note: stalactites hang from the ceiling - they have to hold on tight to the roof.)

Lichens play a special role in chemical weathering by

The angle of repose is

Which of the following factors control how minerals weather?

Some rocks and minerals are not stable at the surface because they

Which of the following is a way that slopes fail?

All other factors being equal, a slope facing away from the Sun will tend to have

Compared to a gentle slope, a steep slope will have a

Aside from limestone, which other kinds of environments produce karst terrain?

Which, if any, of the following is probably NOT important in assessing an area's potential for slope failure?

Which of the following is a feature that commonly forms where limestone has been dissolved?

What factors lead to the Vajont (Vaiont in textbook) Dam landslide disaster? For a look at old (1960s) TV footage of the disaster, you can check out the video here:

Choose the type of land mass movement (picture with the green slope with orange/brown dirt underneath, gentle slope. The scarp has three humps at the top, with the one on the far right being the tallest.)

Sinkhole-formed lakes near Winter Haven, FL. These sinkholes, which often are filled with permeable surficial sands, provide more direct avenues for water from the surficial aquifer system to recharge the underlying Upper Floridan aquifer. (from Spechler and Kroening, 2006) What is karst? (Please choose the most correct and complete answer)

Beachy Head and the Seven Sisters are famous for their bright white chalk cliffs. The chalk was formed during the Late Cretaceous period (up to 100 million years ago), a time when the area was submerged by the sea. The chalk was gradually pushed up, and rising sea levels cut into the chalk, forming the English Channel and creating a stunning range of undulating cliffs, as shown below. Chemically, these rocks are very similar to those found in Florida. However, the bedrock in Florida is relatively young and developed in a range of ony a few thousand to a few million years ago. What types of rocks are these?

Choose the type of land mass movement (hill on the left with flat land on the right, there is a white stream on the far right of the picture and a road of some sort going through the middle of the flow)

Choose the type of land mass movement (picture has houses on the bottom, this happened in Cali in the 60s or something. Green land with orange dirt underneath, a lot of land fell onto these houses).

Generally speaking, the rate of solution ___________ as temperature increases. Therefore, chemical erosion will be most rapid and widespread in ____________ climates.

Factors that affect the appearance of a shoreline include

Which of the following can influence whether a coast gains or loses sand with time?

Which of the following is NOT an approach communities have tried to address shoreline problems?

What is the primary reason an increase in glaciation on land would cause sea level to fall?

What happens to the land surface when large ice sheets melt away?

What does LIDAR data tell us about shorelines?

This spit is a(n) _______ landform.

What was a key point demonstrated by photographs in the textbook from before and after hurricanes?

What direction is the longshore drift in this picture? (houses on the left, water on the right. there is a brown thing sticking out near the top right of the photo)

Which of the following statements about the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon on tides in the Earth's ocean waters is true?

Which of the following parts of a coast is more likely to experience intense erosion?

Temperatures become more variable and precipitation decreases as one travels from west to east from Europe into Asia. This is best explained by

Which of the following is a correct example of global warming creating a positive feedback

Where there are abrupt changes in elevation, climate patterns

In the last 200 years, sea level has risen approximately

General Circulation Models (GCM) differ from Weather Forecasting Models (WFM) in all of the following ways EXCEPT GCM'S

Summer temperatures are high in arid climates because

The main National Academy of Science conclusion on global warming since the mid-1800's states

Which of the following is NOT likely to be a consequence of climate change?

Köppen's intent in developing his climatic classification system was to correlate temperature and precipitation with

Land use changes and exotic species introductions tend to have the impact of

Elevation affects the distribution of terrestrial biomes through its effect on

Which of the following is true about biomes in general?

Of the following choices, the environment with the highest net primary productivity is the

In the map below, lavender represents

The effects of global climate change are magnified in mountainside environments because

The environmental boundaries between biomes, called ecotones, are:

The boreal forest biome is known for its

The three components of sustainability to which all communities should strive to achieve are

Temperate rain forests differ from tropical rain forests in that