Question 1

In which of the cerebral lobes are the following functional areas found?*FUNCTIONAL AREA*

Accepted Answer

*LOBE*

Question 2

primary auditory cortex

Accepted Answer

temporal

Question 3

primary motor cortex

Accepted Answer

frontal

Question 4

primary somatosensory cortex

Accepted Answer

parietal

Question 5

olfactory cortex

Accepted Answer

temporal

Question 6

primary visual cortex

Accepted Answer

occipital

Question 7

Broca's area

Accepted Answer

frontal

Question 8

Which of the following structures are not part of the brain stem?

Accepted Answer

cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, diencephalon

Question 9

A(n) *gyrus* is an elevated ridge of cerebral tissue.

Accepted Answer

The convolutions seen in the cerebrum are important because they increase the *surface area*.

Question 10

Gray matter is composed of *neuron cell bodies*.

Accepted Answer

White matter is composed of *axons*.

Question 11

A fiber tract that provides for communication between different parts of the same cerebral hemisphere is call a(n) *association* tract, whereas one that carries impulses from the cerebrum to lower CNS areas is called a(n) *projection* tract.

Accepted Answer

The caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus are collectively called the *basal nuclei*.

Question 12

Using the letters in front of terms from question 5, match the appropriate structures with the descriptions given below.*STRUCTURE*

Accepted Answer

*DESCRIPTION*

Question 13

hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

site of regulation of body temperature and water balance; most important autonomic center

Question 14

optic chiasma

Accepted Answer

site where medial fibers of the option nerves cross

Question 15

corpora quadrigemina

Accepted Answer

located in the midbrain; contains reflex centers for vision and audition

Question 16

cerebellum

Accepted Answer

responsible for regulation of posture and coordination of complex muscular movements

Question 17

thalamus

Accepted Answer

important synapse site for afferent fibers traveling to the sensory cortex

Question 18

medulla oblongata

Accepted Answer

contains autonomic centers regulating blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rhythm, as well as coughing, sneezing, and swallowing centers

Question 19

corpus callosum

Accepted Answer

large commissure connecting the cerebral hemispheres

Question 20

fornix

Accepted Answer

fiber tract involved with olfaction

Question 21

cerebral aqueduct

Accepted Answer

connects the third and fourth ventricle

Question 22

thalamus

Accepted Answer

encloses the third ventricle

Question 23

forebrain

Accepted Answer

the diencephalon, including the thalamus, optic chiasma, and hypothalamus

Question 24

hindbrain

Accepted Answer

the medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum

Question 25

forebrain

Accepted Answer

the cerebral hemispheres

Question 26

What is the function of the basal nuclei?

Accepted Answer

control voluntary movement

Question 27

What is the striatum, and how is it related to the fibers of the internal capsule?

Accepted Answer

fibers of internal capsule pass thru dien. and basal nuclei, giving them their stripes (and therefore, its name)

Question 28

A brain hemorrhage within the region of the right internal capsule results in paralysis of the left side of the body. Explain why the left side (rather than the right side) is affected.

Accepted Answer

fibers cross to the opposite side of the body thru the medulla

Question 29

Explain why trauma to the brain stem is often much more dangerous than trauma to the frontal lobes.

Accepted Answer

base contains more centers vital to life (breathing, heart rate, etc.)

Question 30

Explain how patients in a vegetative state can have no damage to their cerebral cortex and yet lack awareness of their environment.

Accepted Answer

veg. state occurs because function of brain stem & dien. returns after coma, but cortical function does not

Question 31

Patients in a vegetative state will often reflexively respond to visual and auditory stimuli. Where in the brain are the centers for these reflexes located?

Accepted Answer

midbrain

Question 32

Explain how this phenomenon relates to the unaffected parts of their brain involved in sensory input.

Accepted Answer

brainstem controls autonomic functions

Question 33

Identify the meningeal (or associated) structures described below.*MENINX*

Accepted Answer

*DESCRIPTION*

Question 34

dura mater

Accepted Answer

outermost meninx covering the brain; composed of tough fibrous connective tissue

Question 35

pia mater

Accepted Answer

innermost meninx covering the brain; delivate and highly vascular

Question 36

arachnoid villi

Accepted Answer

structures instrumental in returning cerebrospinal fluid to the venous blood in the dural venous sinuses

Question 37

choroid plexus

Accepted Answer

structure that produces the cerebrospinal fluid

Question 38

arachnoid mater

Accepted Answer

middle meninx; like a cobweb in structure

Question 39

dura mater

Accepted Answer

its outer layer forms the periosteum of the skull

Question 40

falx cerebri

Accepted Answer

a dural fold that attaches the cerebrum to the crista galli of the skull

Question 41

tentorium cerebelli

Accepted Answer

a dural fold separating the cerebrum from the cerebellum

Question 42

Cerebral spinal fluid flows from the fourth ventricle into the *subarachnoid space* surround the brain and spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

From this space it drains through the *arachnoid villi* into the *dural sinuses*.

Question 43

Provide the name and # of the cranial nerves involved in each of the following activities, sensations, or disorders.*NERVE*

Accepted Answer

*DESCRIPTION*

Question 44

accessory (XI)

Accepted Answer

rotating the head

Question 45

olfactory (I)

Accepted Answer

smelling a flower

Question 46

oculomotor (III)vagus X

Accepted Answer

raising the eyelids; pupillary constriction

Question 47

vagus (X)

Accepted Answer

slowing the heart; increasing motility of the digestive tract

Question 48

facial (VII)

Accepted Answer

involved in Bell's palsy (facial paralysis)

Question 49

trigeminal (V)

Accepted Answer

chewing food

Question 50

vestibulocochlear (VIII)

Accepted Answer

listening to music; seasickness

Question 51

facial (VII)

Accepted Answer

secretion of saliva; tasting well-seasoned food

Question 52

III, IV, VI

Accepted Answer

involved in rolling the eyes (three nerves - provide numbers only)

Question 53

trigeminal (V)

Accepted Answer

feeling a toothache

Question 54

optic (II)

Accepted Answer

reading the newspaper

Question 55

I, II, VIII

Accepted Answer

purely or mostly sensory in function (three nerves - provide numbers only)

Question 56

In your own words, describe the firmness and texture of the sheep brain tissue as observed when you cut into it.

Accepted Answer

Jell-O! Firm but squishy and delicate.

Question 57

Given that formalin hardens all tissue, what conclusions might you draw about the firmness and texture of living brain tissue?

Accepted Answer

living brain is much softer

Question 58

When comparing human and sheep brains, you observed some profound differences between them. Record your observations in the chart.*STRUCTURE*

Accepted Answer

*HUMAN vs SHEEP*

Question 59

olfactory bulb

Accepted Answer

human: smallersheep: larger

Question 60

pons/medulla relationship

Accepted Answer

human: inferior, straight up & downsheep: superior, longitudinal

Question 61

location of cranial nerve III

Accepted Answer

human: thinner and lowersheep: thicker and higher

Question 62

mammillary body

Accepted Answer

human: largersheep: smaller

Question 63

corpus callosum

Accepted Answer

human: thicker, straightersheep: thinner, more slanted

Question 64

interthalamic adhesion

Accepted Answer

human: large, against corpus callosumsheep: small space between

Exercise 17 Review Sheet - Gross Anatomy Of The Brain & Cranial Nerves

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