The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the
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medulla oblongata.
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The cerebrum develops from the embryonic __________.
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telencephalon
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The cerebellum and pons develop from the
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metencephalon.
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The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the
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hypothalamus.
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A neural cortex is found on the surface of the
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cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum.
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The thin partition that separates the first and second ventricles is the
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septum pellucidum.
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The adult human brain contains almost ________ of the body's neural tissue.
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97 percent
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Male brains are typically ________ compared to female brains.
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larger
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During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum?
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telencephalon
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Cerebrospinal fluid enters the subarachnoid space through the
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lateral and median apertures.
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Ependymal cells work to
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remove waste products from CSF.
surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus.
secrete CSF into the ventricles.
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Hydrocephalus or "water on the brain" may
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result from excessive production of cerebrospinal fluid or from blockage of circulation of CSF.
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Cerebrospinal fluid enters the blood circulation at the
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arachnoid granulations
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The dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called the
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falx cerebri.
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Cerebrospinal fluid
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is secreted by ependymal cells.
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The layer of the meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the
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pia mater.
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The brain requires a substantial blood supply. The vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the
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internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries.
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Which of the following help to protect the brain?
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the blood-brain barrier
the CSF
the cranial meninges
the bones of the skull
all of the above
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Which of the following is a property of the blood-brain barrier?
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It is absent in portions of the hypothalamus.
Astrocytes surround the CNS capillaries.
The capillary endothelial cells are interconnected by tight junctions.
It is generally permeable to lipid-soluble compounds.
All of the above
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What structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain?
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pia mater
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The cells that cover the outer surfaces of CNS endothelial cells are the
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astrocytes.
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Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid?
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provides ATP for impulse transmission
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The choroid plexus produces CSF at a rate of about
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500 mL/day .
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The third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the
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cerebral aqueduct.
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Specialized ________ cells form the secretory component of the choroid plexus.
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ependymal
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As CSF circulates, ________ between it and the interstitial fluid of the CNS is unrestricted between and across the ependyma.
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diffusion
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Which antibiotic enters the CNS without difficulty because it easily crosses the blood-brain barrier?
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sulfadiazine
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Two large venous sinuses, the sagittal sinuses, lie within a dural fold called the ________.
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falx cerebri
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The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in
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the medulla oblongata.
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The cardiovascular reflexes are based in the
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the medulla oblongata.
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The medulla oblongata regulates
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blood pressure and respiration.
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Which of these statements about the medulla oblongata is true?
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It is part of the brain stem.
It connects the brain and spinal cord.
It contains centers for respiration.
All of these statements are true of the medulla oblongata
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Which of these statements about the medulla oblongata is false?
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It encloses the fourth ventricle.
It relays sensory and motor information.
It lies between the cervical cord and the pons.
None of these statements about the medulla oblongata is false.
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Cardiovascular centers located in the ________ adjust the heart rate, the strength of cardiac contractions, and the flow of blood through the peripheral tissues.
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medulla oblongata
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The folds of the surface of the cerebellum are called ________.
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folia
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The pons exchanges information with the cerebellum over the __________.
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middle cerebellar peduncle
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The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as
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ataxia.
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The tract that links the cerebellum with the pons is the
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middle cerebellar peduncle.
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The mesencephalon contains the headquarters of the ________, a specialized component of the reticular formation that controls alertness and attention.
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reticular activating system
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The ________ receive visual input from the lateral geniculates.
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superior colliculi
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Stimulation of the reticular formation results in
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increased consciousness.
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Injury to this center in the mesencephalon may lead to Parkinson's disease.
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substantia nigra
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The medulla oblongata relays auditory information to the
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inferior colliculi.
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The regions of the mesencephalon that issue subconscious motor commands that affect upper limb position and background muscle tone are the
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red nuclei.
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Nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surface of the mesencephalon are the
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cerebral peduncles.
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The ________ relay auditory information to the auditory cortex.
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medial geniculates
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The tectum of the mesencephalon contains the
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superior and inferior colliculi.
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The reflex movement of the head toward a loud noise is directed by the mesencephalon. Which nuclei accomplish this?
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inferior colliculi
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Examination of a tissue sample from the central nervous system reveals many darkly pigmented cells. This tissue probably came from the
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substantia nigra.
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The ________, a narrow stalk, connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.
answer
infundibulum
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Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the
answer
medulla oblongata.
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Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?
answer
secretes oxytocin
controls autonomic centers
regulates body temperature
produces ADH
all of the above
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The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems.
answer
hypothalamus
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Which of the following is not a component of the limbic system?
answer
amygdaloid body
hippocampus
cingulate gyrus
globus pallidus (NOT)
fornix
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Terry suffers from dissociation of memories from their emotional content as the result of an automobile accident. What system of the brain is probably damaged?
answer
limbic system
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Which of the following is not a property of the limbic system?
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contains cerebral and diencephalic components
links conscious functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious functions of the brain stem
located between the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon
functions in emotions, learning, and memory
functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather (NOT)
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After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe.
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left frontal
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Damage to the premotor cortex of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to
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play the piano.
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Damage to the substantia nigra causes a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. This causes a gradual, generalized increase in muscle tone, which is the main symptom of
answer
Parkinson disease.
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The cranial nerves that innervate the eye muscles are
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III, IV, and VI.
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The only sensation that is received directly by the cerebrum is
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olfaction
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Bob is struck on the left side of the head and is knocked unconscious. When he recovers consciousness, he can hear individual words but cannot understand the meaning of phrases or sentences. This implies damage to his
answer
general interpretive area.
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The primary motor cortex is the surface of the
answer
precentral gyrus.
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The general interpretive area
answer
allows us to interpret what is read or heard.
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The corpus callosum is composed of
answer
commissural fibers.
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Droopy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the ________ nerve.
answer
oculomotor
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The highest levels of information processing occur in the
answer
cerebrum
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Difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerve(s)?
answer
vagus and glossopharyngeal
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There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves.
answer
12
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The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the
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longitudinal fissure.
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A(n) ________ is a printed record of the brain's electrical activity over a period of time.
answer
electroencephalogram
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The visual cortex is located in the
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occipital lobe.
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The right hemisphere is usually the dominant hemisphere.
answer
False
question
The auditory cortex is located in the
answer
temporal lobe
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Within each hemisphere, deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle, you will find the
answer
basal nuclei.
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The putamen and globus pallidus are frequently considered to be subdivisions of the
answer
lentiform nucleus.
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Higher-order functions
answer
combine both conscious and unconscious information processing.
can be adjusted over time based on experience.
involve complex interactions among areas of the cortex.
all of the above
question
________ is a condition resulting from an inflammation of a facial nerve.
answer
Bell palsy
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________ is a disorder affecting the ability to speak or read.
answer
Aphasia
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A person with a damaged visual association area may be
answer
able to see letters but unable to associate them into words.
question
Parkinson disease is the result of
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inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons.
question
Damage to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem?
answer
reduced ability to regulate body temperature
question
Tic douloureux is
answer
also called trigeminal neuralgia.
a disorder of the maxillary and mandibular branches of nerve V.
characterized by almost totally debilitating pain.
triggered by contact with the lip, tongue, or gums.
all of the above
question
Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate and synapse on neurons in the
answer
olfactory bulb.
question
A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected?
answer
hypoglossal
question
Which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the spinal accessory nerve?
answer
weakness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
question
At the optic chiasm
answer
axons from the nasal halves of each retina cross.
question
After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the
answer
occipital lobe.
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In most cases, the general interpretive center and the speech center are located in the ________ cerebral hemisphere.
answer
left
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The hemisphere of the brain that performs analytical tasks is called the ________ hemisphere.
answer
dominant
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A person who has difficulty comprehending and using written language suffers from the disorder known as ________.
answer
dyslexia
question
Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas.
answer
association
question
Another term for trigeminal neuralgia is tic douloureux.
answer
True
question
During the middle of the 20th century, a drastic procedure termed prefrontal lobotomy was used to treat a variety of mental illnesses.
answer
True
question
The ventricle associated with the pons and medulla oblongata
answer
Fourth
question
Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with ____.
answer
visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck
question
Stimulation within the _______ of the hypothalamus produces the sensation of hunger
answer
feeding center
question
Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the ______.
answer
cerebellum
question
The presence of many large, highly-branched Purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicates that it came from the ____.
answer
cerebellar cortex
question
Unfocused "impressions" such as thirst originating in the hypothalamus are known as _____.
answer
drives
question
The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the ______.
answer
vermis
question
The _____ connects the two sides of the thalamus.
answer
interthalamic adhesion
question
The white structure that separates the cerebral hemispheres is the _____.
answer
corpus callosum
question
The white matter of the cerebellum forms the ___.
answer
arbor vitae
question
The cells that cover the outer surfaces of CNS capillary endothelial cells are the ______.
answer
astrocytes
question
Which of the following is a property of the mamillary bodies?
answer
all of the above
question
The nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus...
answer
are in the medulla and relay somatic sensory information to the thalamus
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