EOC Practice Test: US History

25 August 2022
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question
What is the significance of Pinckney's Treaty (1795) with Spain?
answer
It gave the United States the right to navigate the Mississippi.
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Why did the U.S. Congress pass the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798?
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to prevent government opposition
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The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were based on which principle?
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the states' right to nullify acts of the federal government
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What right did most Caucasian women have in the United States during the Federalist period?
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right to inherit land
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During Thomas Jefferson's presidency, which event challenged his strict constructionist philosophy?
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the Louisiana Purchase
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What impact did the Battle of New Orleans have on the United States in 1815?
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It boosted a sense of patriotism and unity among U.S. citizens.
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Which idea did Tecumseh and his brother the Prophet support before 1820?
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unification of American Indians in resistance to the U.S. government
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Why did many Mormons migrate to the western United States?
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to escape religious persecution
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Which part of the Compromise of 1850 received the greatest support from southern farmers?
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the passage of a strict fugitive slave law
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Why can the Emancipation Proclamation be seen as a diplomatic document?
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It made it hard for foreign nations to recognize and support the Confederacy.
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Which action abolished slavery in the United States?
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passage of the Thirteenth Amendment
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Which of these is the strongest evidence of the federal government showing its power over state governments during the Reconstruction period?
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the military occupation of former Confederate states
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Why did the House of Representatives impeach Andrew Johnson?
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The president violated the Tenure of Office Act.
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_______ _______ from the _______of 1877 {withdrawal of federal troops, funding for transportation improvements, president cabinet positions}
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Democratic Benefits from the Compromise of 1877
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What impact did the transcontinental railroad have on the economy of the West during the mid-1800s?
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increased settlement and growth in the region
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Which invention made western farming more efficient in the mid-1800s?
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the steel plow
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During the mid to late 1800s, which major problem was more common for a farmer in the West than for a farmer living east of the Mississippi River?
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high railroad rates
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Which issue led to the organization of the Populist Party?
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the desire to lift the burden of debt from farmers and other workers
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Which factor contributed most to the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
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rise of nativism
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Why were immigrants more likely to settle in urban, industrial centers rather than rural, agricultural regions?
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Factories provided much-needed jobs.
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What was the impact of westward expansion on American Indians during the Jacksonian era?
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Most American Indians were relocated to lands west of the Mississippi River.
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Which statement best explains the increase in sectionalism between 1820 and 1850?
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Westward expansion caused a recurring debate over the expansion of slavery into the new territories.
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How did the transcendental movement influence U.S. society during the mid to late 1800s?
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Transcendentalists wrote about the idea of self-reliance.
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Which of these activities had the greatest economic impact on the southeastern United States between 1800 and 1860?
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cotton farming
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In the 1830—1850 period, which section of the United States most opposed a protective tariff?
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South
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What was the effect of the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
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The concept of popular sovereignty led to armed conflict between slave owners and abolitionists.
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Democracy in America: While society in the United States gives the example of the most extended liberty, the prisons of the same country offer the spectacle of the most complete [dictatorship]. - Beaumont and A. de Tocqueville 1831 Which 19th century reformer most likely agreed with de Tocqueville?
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Dorothea Dix
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Susan B. Anthony is best known for which area of reform?
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Suffrage
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Which congressional act was passed to end the abuses of the spoils system?
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Pendleton Act
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Which event contributed most to the demise of the Knights of Labor?
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Haymarket Square Riot
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Monopolists of the late 1800s: {Andrew Carnegie, _________ __________, and John Rockefeller}
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J.P. Morgan
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Which business strategy would a late-1800s industrial leader use to establish a monopoly?
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use a horizontal integration system
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Why did the United States act as an imperial power during the late 1800s?
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a need for new markets for its manufactured goods
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Which event is associated with the outbreak of war between the United States and Spain in 1898?
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the sinking of the USS Maine
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In 1898, William Randolph Hearst reportedly sent a message to his photographer in Cuba that said, "You provide the photographs and I'll furnish the war." Which technique was Hearst using?
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Yellow Journalism
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How did the action of the U.S. government in the late 1800s impact Hawaii?
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U.S. intervention led to the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy.
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How did poll taxes limit citizens' rights to liberty in the late 1800s?
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The poll taxes prevented black males from voting and denied them a voice in the government.
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How did the role of journalism change during the Progressive Era?
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Journalism uncovered scandals and evoked people's emotions.
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Why did Theodore Roosevelt build the Great White Fleet?
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to establish the United States as a naval power
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What justification did President Taft use to support his use of dollar diplomacy in Latin America and Asia?
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to promote U.S. commercial interests abroad
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How did passing the Sherman Antitrust Act attempt to reform U.S. business practices in the late 1800s?
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The legislation made business monopolies illegal, though enforcement of the law proved ineffective until later.
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African American Responses to Jim Crow Laws During the Early 1900s: {Great Migration, National Association for Colored People, Militia Leagues, ___________ ___________ }
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Niagara Movement
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How did assembly line production affect the U.S. economy during the early twentieth century?
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It helped expand modern consumerism.
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Which group benefited the most from reform legislation passed during the Progressive Era?
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Factory Workers
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Which event was a reason for the United States' entry into the First World War?
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the sinking of the Lusitania
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How were the civil liberties of U.S. citizens threatened during World War I?
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The U.S. government restricted freedom of speech.
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How did the United States help the Allies win World War I?
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The United States provided strong, energized troops.
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The Kellogg-Briand Pact represented the desire of the United States and European nations to follow which policy?
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isolationism
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Roaring twenties: {MEDIA - Ballyhoo, Tabloids; ________ - Speakeasies, Gangsters; LITERATURE - Expatriates, Lost Generation; IMMIGRANTS - Nativism, Red Scare}
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Prohibition
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During the 1920s, which leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association advocated a return to Africa for African Americans?
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Marcus Garvey
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What did the flapper image of the 1920s represent for U.S. women?
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a challenge to traditional values
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Which evidence showed that the prosperity of the 1920s was an illusion?
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Many people increased their debt.
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Which factor contributed to the stock market crash of 1929?
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overspeculation
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Which factor added to the hardships of midwestern farmers during the Great Depression?
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the Dust Bowl
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Which economic policy did President Franklin D. Roosevelt use to respond to the Great Depression?
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deficit spending
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After the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that several New Deal programs were unconstitutional, how did President Franklin Roosevelt try to influence future decisions of the Court?
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by trying to increase the number of Supreme Court justices
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Which term best describes the diplomacy followed by some European nations in their relations with Germany, Italy, and Japan between 1931 and 1939?
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appeasement
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Which advertising campaign represents the expanding role of women in the workplace during World War II?
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"Rosie the Riveter"
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Why did President Truman decide to use the atomic bomb near the end of World War II?
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Truman wanted to save the lives of U.S. soldiers who would have to invade mainland Japan.
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Which development best reflects the economic prosperity of the United States after the Second World War?
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the growth of suburbia and consumerism
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What international organization was created immediately after the Second World War to promote world peace and cooperation among nations?
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the United Nations
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According to this excerpt, for what was President Truman arguing? Truman Doctrine I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted [conquest] by armed minorities or by outside pressures. - President Harry Truman, 1947
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The United States must help protect independent nations from communist aggression.
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Which U.S. initiative was designed to provide financial aid for war-torn European countries after the Second World War?
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the Marshall Plan
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Which policy did the U.S. government use to respond to the Cold War tensions of the 1950s?
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containment
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Which political trend characterized the era of McCarthyism?
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the use of false accusation of communism as a weapon against political opponents
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Which government agency was developed in response to Cold War confrontations?
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Central Intelligence Agency
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How did many U.S. families respond to the threat of a nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union as the Cold War intensified?
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They constructed bomb shelters in their backyards.
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What was one purpose of President Kennedy's Alliance for Progress?
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to improve relations with Latin America
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What precedent was established for U.S. presidents by the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?
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the ability to engage in military activity without a congressional declaration of war
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What strategy did both Martin Luther King Jr. and César Chávez use to achieve social change?
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led nonviolent boycotts
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Which group represents the counterculture of the 1960s?
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hippies
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How did the war in Vietnam hinder President Lyndon B. Johnson's effort to create the Great Society?
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The war in Vietnam forced the United States to divert critical funds away from domestic issues.
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Which statement best summarizes the decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren?
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Supreme Court decisions defined rights for criminals and expanded rights for individuals.
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What impact did Title IX have on educational institutions in the United States?
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equal funding of men's and women's athletics
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What event during the 1970s resulted in the United States increasing its regulation of nuclear power plants?
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the incident at Three Mile Island
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Which U.S. president regarded universal health care as a major issue for the federal government to resolve?
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Bill Clinton
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The Watergate scandal is appropriately described by which statement?
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It concerned the Nixon administration's attempt to cover up a burglary at the Democratic National Committee headquarters.
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What was the main purpose for Operation Desert Storm?
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to drive Iraqi forces out of Kuwait
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In which country did president Clinton use force in an attempt to bring an end to regional conflicts?
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Bosnia
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How has a revival of nativism in the late twentieth century affected recent immigration?
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increased support for restricting immigration