Environmental Science Test

Moving through trophic levels _______________ A. Energy decreases B. Entroyphy increases C. Biomass Decreses D. All of the above

Which of the following statements about energy and trophic levels is NOT true? A. The amount of available energy decreases at each higher trophic level. B. The energy conversion efficiency decreases at higher trophic levels. C. The net production of energy is higher at lower trophic levels. D. All of the above

Which of the following statements about C3 carbon fixation is true? A. C3 carbon fixation is an adaptation for plants exposed to high light intensity. B. C3 carbon fixation occurs in more plants than C4 carbon fixation. C. C3 carbon fixation is more common in areas of high temperatures than C4 carbon fixation. D. C3 carbon fixation occurs in the inner cells of a leaf rather than the entire leaf.

Which of the following is true about the efficiency of energy transfer in an ecosystem? A. The more energy the organism requires, the more efficient the energy transfer. B. All energy transfers have the same efficiencies. C. The less energy the organism requires, the more efficient the energy transfer. D. The most efficient energy transfers are in large, warm-blooded animals.

Which of the following best explains why ecosystems need a continual influx of new energy? A.Photosynthesis feeds herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers. B.As energy is recycled, a small amount is lost as heat. C. Energy flows through an ecosystem and cannot be recycled. D. Cellular respiration does not feed back into other processes.

Which of the following is required for photosynthesis to take place? A. sugar B. oxygen C. ATP D. Water

Which of the following organisms is located only in the 3rd trophic level of the soil food web? A. bacteria B. fungi C. protozoa D. nematodes

What percentage of a lower trophic level's energy flows to the next higher trophic level? a. 1% b. 10% c. 50% d. 100%

Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis? a. sugar b. carbon dioxide c. water d. light

Which type of carbon fixation stores carbon dioxide in acid form? a. C3 b. C4 c. CAM d. all of the above

Energy must be transformed in ecosystems because _______. a. energy cannot be created or destroyed b. an organism's energy must go somewhere c. an organism's energy must come from somewhere d. all of the above

Heterotrophs convert solar energy into chemical energy. True or False

Energy in most ecosystems must flow through autotrophs because ______. a. only autotrophs can convert solar energy into chemical energy b. autotrophs are simpler organisms than heterotrophs c. heterotrophs only generate a small fraction of their energy from photosynthesis. d. all of the above

The energy value listed for foods refers to the _______. a. total amount of chemical energy in the food b. amount of energy available as fuel for the body c. total nutritional value of the food d. amount of carbohydrates

Which of the following best describes the fate of energy in ecosystems? a. It will ultimately be recycled back into the ecosystem. b. It flows from secondary consumers to primary consumers. c. It enters most ecosystems in the form of sunlight. d. It flows through and is used by ecosystems.

Primary productivity is not limited by _______. a. the availability of sunlight b. time c. the availability of nutrients d. access to water

Which of the following is a product of respiration resulting from the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds? a. glucose b. oxygen c. carbon dioxide d. all of the above

Which of the following is not true concerning the flow of energy through an ecosystem? a. Most solar energy is used in photosynthesis. b. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are performed by plants. c. Not all solar energy is used for photosynthesis. d. Most of the energy from photosynthesis flows out as heat.

The energy in fossil fuels is derived from the energy stored in plant and animal matter. True or False

Which of the following best describes the solar radiation absorbed by and radiated from earth? a. Most incoming solar energy is absorbed by the atmosphere. b. Only a small fraction of energy radiating from Earth is from the atmosphere. c. The Earth's surface is responsible for a small fraction of heat radiation to space. d. Earth's surface absorbs little of the energy that strikes as solar radiation.

Energy that is not passed on from one trophic level to the next is _______. a. lost as heat b. returned to the sun c. destroyed d. all of the above

Which of the following is the most likely flow of energy in an aquatic ecosystem? a. phytoplankton ® fish ® zooplankton ® mammal b. phytoplankton ® zooplankton ® fish ® mammal c. zooplankton ® phytoplankton ® mammal ® fish d. mammal ® fish ® zooplankton ® phytoplankton

Which of the following is the most likely flow of energy in an aquatic ecosystem? a. phytoplankton ® fish ® zooplankton ® mammal b. phytoplankton ® zooplankton ® fish ® mammal c. zooplankton ® phytoplankton ® mammal ® fish d. mammal ® fish ® zooplankton ® phytoplankton

How are gross production and net production different? a. Net production is always greater than gross production. b. Net production is always less than gross production. c. Only animals have net production. d. Only plants have net production.

Gross production is the amount of energy left after cellular respiration. True or False

Which of the following statements about entropy is true? a. Entropy increases going from one trophic level to another. b. Increases in entropy lead to reversible processes. c. A system's work output is limited when changes in entropy do not occur. d. All of the above

Energy in an ecosystem flow from consumers to producers. True of False

Producers are the primary living source of energy in a food web. True or False