Enviro Ch 15

24 July 2022
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question
Most of Earth's liquid fresh water is found ________.
answer
underground
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What percentage of Earth's water is found in lakes?
answer
0.013%
question
Which of the following is true?
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Most of Earth's fresh water is frozen.
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Only about 2.5% of all the water on our planet is fresh water, and ________.
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most of this is far from where humans live
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Precipitation that falls on Earth's surface ________.
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may take a variety of pathways through surface water or groundwater flow
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One-fifth of Earth's total freshwater supply is in ________.
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groundwater
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An artesian aquifer occurs where ________.
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a water‐bearing layer is trapped between two layers that are less permeable
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Humans use more fresh water for ________ than for any other purpose.
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agricultural irrigation
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Which of the following best describes a floodplain?
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a region of land that is periodically flooded when a river overflows
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We build dams to ________.
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generate electricity, prevent flooding, and provide irrigation
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Dam removal in this country ________.
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will probably continue because the environmental impacts of dams are reviewed periodically
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Data indicate that the present rate of freshwater consumption in most developed countries is ________.
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unsustainable
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Why was the irrigation of Soviet cotton farming operations a problem?
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It drained the Aral Sea and increased the salt content of soils.
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Sinkholes result from ________.
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overconsumption of water from aquifers weakening the substrate
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Which of the following will contribute to water conservation?
answer
watering lawns at night, using low-flow faucets, and landscaping with native plants
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Gray water can ________.
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usually be used for irrigation and watering lawns
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Which of the following is one of the major pollutants of groundwater?
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fertilizers from agricultural fields
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The fish in the lake at the local park are dying. A professor from the local college comes to investigate, and first she measures the dissolved oxygen because she wants to check for the ________.
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possibility of eutrophication
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A watershed is ________.
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the area of land from which rainfall drains into rivers or lakes
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"Blue-baby" syndrome is a consequence of excess ________ in the water supply.
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nitrates
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Which of the following has contributed to aquifer contamination?
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pumping hazardous waste underground
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A key characteristic of aquatic dead zones is ________.
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a low concentration of oxygen
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Which of the following would be the initial ecological consequence of falling water tables?
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loss of permanent wetlands
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A septic system is ________.
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a rural method of handling sewage
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In a municipal wastewater treatment plant, the primary treatment step includes ________.
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letting sewage sit in large settling tanks so suspended solids settle out
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Much of the "biosolids" material that is the end product of a wastewater treatment plant is ________.
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used as crop fertilizer in the United States
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The Colorado River's water resource allocation is being complicated by ________.
answer
the rapid growth of Las Vegas
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A recent study has revealed that chlorinated hydrocarbons, gasoline, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have become significant pollutants in ________ from ________.
answer
groundwater; leaking storage tanks
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Overpumping groundwater in coastal areas can cause ________ to move into aquifers, making the water undrinkable.
answer
saltwater
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Xeriscaping can save water by ________.
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planting native or drought-resistant plants which require less water than typical landscaping plants
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Recent research that analyzed the content of commercial bottled water indicates that ________.
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bottled water is no safer or purer than most samples of tap water
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Methods for desalinating sea water to produce fresh water include ________.
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reverse osmosis and distillation
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Artificial wetlands ________.
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can help purify water and also provide wildlife habitat
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Sinkholes can occur when ________.
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excessive water use lowers a water table and weakens the substrate
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Sinkholes are an extreme and rapid form of ________.
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subsidence
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A serious problem that results from excessive water withdrawn from aquifers is that ________.
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the surrounding soils are compacted and the size of the aquifer is reduced
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One reasonable way to prevent sinkholes might be to ________.
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increase groundwater recharge by constructing artificial wetlands that use treated municipal wastewater
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In July 2001, the town of Spring Hill, Florida, about 45 miles north of Tampa, had 18 sinkholes appear in a single day. The largest holes were nearly 100 feet deep. This is an indication that ________.
answer
a drought had recently occurred, along with increased development and groundwater use