Worldwide, the largest percentage of freshwater readily available to humans is stored in _______.
answer
pore spaces between rocks and sediments
question
Which of the following materials is most readily dissolved by water?
answer
Calcite
question
In a losing stream, _____.
answer
the water table is lower than the stream surface
question
How will the water table respond when there is a drought?
answer
water table will rise
question
The water table will undulate with the ground surface. It will be low where the surface is high and high where the surface is low.
answer
False
question
In order for an aquifer to use useful for human consumption, what kind of porosity and permeability should it have?
answer
High porosity, high permeability
question
Which of the following has the highest permeability?
answer
Sand
question
Which of the following materials has the highest porosity?
answer
clay
question
Which of the following materials would make the best aquitard?
answer
shale
question
A ___ is an example of a groundwater recharge area.
answer
grassy field
question
Groundwater flows from __________.
answer
high to low pressure areas
question
Which of the following is necessary to calculate hydraulic gradient?
answer
the distance between two wells that penetrate the zone of saturation
question
A perched aquifer is located directly above a(n) __________.
answer
aquitard
question
Which of the following is true regarding groundwater as you move deeper below the surface?
answer
Groundwater moves over larger distances, over longer timescales.
question
How does the water table change around a pumping water well?
answer
The water table elevation decreases.
question
What is the cone of depression?
answer
the shape that the water table takes on near a pumping well
question
When will a cone of depression stop enlarging?
answer
when the amount of water flowing toward the well equals the amount of water being pumped out of the well.
question
When might a well, Well A, go dry
answer
when the cone of depression of a second well intersects the deepest part of Well A
question
An artesian well must tap into ______.
answer
a confined aquifer
question
An artesian system is present when groundwater __________.
answer
under pressure rises above the aquifer level
question
A __________ is located where the pressure surface is above the aquifer, but below the ground.
answer
nonflowing artesian well
question
If a well is drilled into an aquifer where the pressure surface is both above the aquifer and the ground, a __________ is formed.
answer
flowing artesian well
question
Which of the following is a requirement for an artesian system to exist?
answer
Aquitards must be present both above and below the aquifer.
question
As shown by the South Dakota example, artesian systems __________.
answer
are able to transmit water great distances from recharge to discharge areas
question
What geologic process is responsible for warming the water at Hot Springs National Park?
answer
Normal geothermal gradient
question
Geysers are more common in the western United States because ______.
answer
igneous activity has occurred more recently in the area
question
A(n) __________ acts as a conduit that brings heated water to the surface.
answer
fault
question
__________ are intermittent springs that eject columns of water and steam at various time intervals.
answer
Geysers
question
What prevents water at the bottom of the underground caverns from boiling at the normal surface temperature?
answer
The pressure from the weight of overlying water causes the boiling point to increase.
question
Once overlying water heats to a sufficient temperature, it __________ and releases pressure on the water below
answer
flashes to steam
question
What happens after a geyser erupts?
answer
Cool groundwater seeps back into the underground chambers, and the cycle starts again.
question
Which of the following can result from excessive pumping of groundwater?
answer
Saltwater contamination
Reversing the direction of flow in the aquifer
Subsidence
question
Which of the following accounts for the largest usage of groundwater in the United States?
answer
Agriculture and irrigation
question
In semi-arid to arid regions, groundwater is considered to be a nonrenewable resource because it isn't replaced at the same rate as it is withdrawn.
answer
true
question
Saltwater contamination can be a problem for cities in the continental interior because significant quantities of seawater were trapped in ancient sedimentary rocks of marine origin.
answer
True
question
While on vacation, you visit a local Imax theater and see a movie about cave diving in the Yucatan Peninsula. In one of the caves they dive in, which is currently filled with water, you notice the divers swimming past some stalactites and stalagmites. If the water table is now above the level of the ceiling of the cave, what does the presence of the cave decorations indicate about past water table levels?
answer
The water table was much lower and the features were formed by water dripping from the ceiling into an air-filled chamber
question
The depth below groundwater is the water table. Also, the structure and arrangement of rocks can affect the way groundwater flows. Which of the following can control groundwater's ability to flow?
answer
pores/fractures in the rock
change of water table elevation
question
The presence of the Green River has a significant impact on the water table in the area around Mammoth Cave National Park in Kentucky. How does the relationship between the Green River and the water table affect cave passage formation?
answer
As the Green River erodes downward, the water table will lower as the groundwater flows toward the stream, carving new cave passages further from the surface.
question
As the Green River erodes downward, the water table will lower as the groundwater flows toward the stream, carving new cave passages further from the surface.
answer
Precipitation infiltrates into the subsurface via sinkholes and flows through subterranean passages to the Green River Valley.
question
In the late twentieth century, Hidden River Cave had suffered from significant pollution and bad odor. Although various chemical pollutants had been dumped or spilled nearby, none had intentionally been disposed of in Hidden River Cave. How did they end up there?
answer
Hidden River Cave and the dump sites are connected via various sinkholes and subterranean passages.
question
One of the most toxic components of a computer is the _____.
answer
lead embedded in the glass of the monitor
question
lead embedded in the glass of the monitor
answer
computer
DVD player
microwave
question
When computers are recycled in the United States in ways that limit environmental pollution, they are ____.
answer
disassembled into their basic parts and recycled in various ways
question
What has happened to about 80% of the e-waste collected in the United States by recyclers?
answer
The electronics were sent to developing countries.
question
One of the main messages in the film about e-waste is that responsible consumers _____.
answer
should recycle outdated electronics
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