as body ages takes longer for homeostatic adjustments to occur, harder older bodies to adapt to stress, cancer, stroke, obsrtuctive polmonary disease
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Physical health in young adulthood
answer
as body ages takes longer for homeostatic adjustments to occur, harder older bodies to adapt to stress, cancer, stroke, obsrtuctive polmonary disease
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Best & worst time in adulthood to have baby
answer
18-25
anytime after 25
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Why are emerging adults more likely than people of other ages to take part in risky sports?
answer
they are able to recover quicker
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What are the differences between formal operational thought and postformal thought?
answer
Formal-operational thinking is absolute, and involves making decisions based on personal experience and logic. Post-formal thinking is more complex, and involves making decisions based on situational constraints and circumstances, and integrating emotion with logic to form context-dependent principles. The distinction is a useful thing to understand when dealing with emerging adults.
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In what ways does cognition continue to change throughout adulthood?
answer
piaget post formal thought, ability to connect two unlike things
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Why might vocational identity be an outdated social construction?
answer
identity found through occupation and be outdated if retired
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What reassurance might you offer the parents of an aggressive teen and of a shy teen as their children enter emerging adulthood?
answer
aggression and shyness could be a result of the chemical imbalances that result from puberty
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In what three main ways do young adults meet their need for intimacy?
answer
have identity first to establish intimacy
-personal committed relationship
-endurance
-
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Describe the impact of cohabitation on couple's relationships.
answer
increases divorce
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Why might family relationships sometimes improve when young adults leave home?
answer
arguments of everyday life are taken out of the equation so the relationship is focused
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How do vision and hearing change during adulthood?
answer
periphrapeal changes, color fades, far sidedness increases, (presbiopia- o, optical) higher frequency sounds inaudible sooner (prespiqusas- c is like ear)
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How are men and women affected by the changes in sexual responsiveness with age?
answer
sexual arousal longer, orgasm slower
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What are some of the factors that diminish fertility?
What diseases and conditions are less likely in people who exercise everyday?
answer
obesity, diabetes
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Why does health vary between and within SES and ethnic groups?
answer
yes
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What does cross-sectional research on IQ scores throughout adulthood usually find? Longitudinal research? Why do these studies reach different conclusions?
answer
stays the same but older generations are dumber
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How is fluid intelligence different from crystallized intelligence?
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-Fluid intelligence is the intelligence we have for problem solving, recognizing different abstract patterns and making sense of them
- Crystallized intelligence is the type of learning we have acquired from past experience.
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What is selective optimization with compensation?
answer
he selective optimization with compensation theory states that older adults
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What factors contribute to expertise?
answer
nursing staff
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Describe two basic needs of adulthood
answer
food and water
question
Discuss midlife crisis
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not real, any crisis experienced result of personal reflection anxiety, radical changesnot real, any crisis experienced result of personal reflection,anxiety, radical changes
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Give examples to demonstrate how each of the Big Five personality traits might influence an adult's choice of jobs, mates, and neighborhoods.
answer
openness- free, creative, choose career thats unconstricting, could have infidelity, open to choosing mate who is very different
conciencisouness- desk job, in danger of being cheated on, set routine
extrovert- assertive, generally a boss of company, drive, people person
agreeableness- likely to serve under
neuroctipcism- anxiety, moodiness, worry, envy, and jealousy
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What are the differences between friends and consequential strangers?
answer
friends are trusted and impactful consequntial strangers are people who impact your life without being friends
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How and why does marital happiness change from the wedding to old age?
answer
older marriages are happier because there is more intimacy and trust
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What are the typical consequences of divorce?
answer
loss of intimacy, depression, fear of commitment
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Describe generativity and the ways it can be satisfied during adulthood.
answer
in order to stay relevant to the following generations
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What is a kinkeeper and who typically fulfills this role?
answer
grandparent who over looks
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What are the extrinsic and intrinsic rewards of work and how do these change throughout adulthood?
answer
...
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Why are middle-aged adults called the "sandwich generation" & why might this metaphor create false impressions?
answer
squeezed by younger and older genertaitons (member of their families)
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What innovations in work scheduling have helped families? What has hurt families?
answer
...
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What are the advantages of ethnic diversity at work?
answer
...
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Discuss the similarities and differences between ageism, racism, and sexism. How do these factors affect older adults' physical and mental health?
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ageism- no education about it
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How and why might protecting older adults actually lead to more harm?
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more you take away independence, the more they have to rely on others
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Differentiate the young-old, old-old, and oldest-old.
answer
young-old: financially secure, healthy, involved (60-75) old-old: (75-85)
oldest-old: dependent for almost everything (85+)
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How does sleep change throughout adulthood?
answer
harder time falling asleep and staying asleep.
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What changes occur with driving ability during old age? Can they be compensated for, and if so, how?
answer
...
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Describe the changes that occur in the brain during old age
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transfer messages slower and nerves may become tangled in brain
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Discuss whether sensory loss affects cognition, and if so, how?
answer
yes?
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Discuss the different components of memory and control processes during old age.
answer
...
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What is ecological validity and why is it important?
answer
ability should be measured in everyday tasks not in clinics,
more of standardized test and not actual ability
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Describe the difference between primary and secondary aging
answer
__
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How does falling affect older adults?
answer
harder to heal, longer recovery time
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What are signs of dementia?
answer
memory loss, confusion of location, confusion of people around them and themselves, forgetfulness
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What abnormalities in the brain cause Alzheimer's disease? Vascular disease? Parkinson's disease?
answer
tangles and
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What protects people against dementia?
answer
taking care of body, exercis
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What gains may be evident in older people according to Erikson? Maslow?
answer
self- satisfaction
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What is the purpose/benefit of a life review?
answer
reflect, remember
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Describe the factors that lead to increased energy, alertness, and optimism in centenarians.
answer
good health, exercise, relaxation, early life habits, no smoking
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Discus Erikson's eighth stage and how it relates to late adulthood.
answer
he describes people as they tend to age and productivity decreases and they develop integrity vs despair as they reflect on their life
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Describe how behaviors such as refusing to give up driving and compulsive hoarding may maintain the self.
answer
helps them remember their life
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What do satisfaction theories explain?
answer
self theory- they cling to those things because it helps define
them, search to keep integrity and identity
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Give examples to demonstrate how disengagement theory and activity theory apply to older adults.
answer
being active is better for health
question
Why would a person choose not to retire?
answer
They enjoy there job, financial reasons, they want to stay
involved and active, younger family
question
Discuss gender and ethnic stratification.
answer
different based on gender and ethnicity, life long effects of
racism and sexism, lifetime of limited opportunities
question
What are the benefits and liabilities for elders who want to age in place?
answer
remaining in same home and community, adjusting but not leaving, liabilities that cant receive best careity, adjusting but not
question
Describe the ways older and younger generations support each other.
answer
...Families support each other, filial responsibility: obligation of adult children to care for their aging children
question
How do long-term partners protect each other during old age?
answer
...
question
Discuss types of grandparenting. Which type benefits both generations most? Why?
answer
Family watchdogs- monitor the younger family's well-being and they intervene to provide help in a crisis
Caregiving grandparents- take on full responsibility for raising their grandchildren
question
What is the difference between IADL's and ADL's, and how do these affect frailty?
answer
IADL- instrumental activities of daily life, simple actions that are important for an independent life style that require some intellectual thought, critical to self sufficiency
ADL- activities of daily life: eating, bathing, toileting, dressing, and transferring from bed to chair, inability to perform these is a sign of frailty
question
Describe problems that come with caregiving. What helps caregivers?
answer
reduces independance
question
How would you evaluate a nursing home? When is village care versus assisted living the best option?
answer
possibly but not always best choice
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