Combo with "Chap 5" and 5 others

Anglican Church.

about equally among all the sons in a family.

40 percent of the southern population

Quaker merchants.

revival movement to convert nonbelievers and revive the piety of believers.

trade between the North American colonies and the West Indies and Britain, continental Europe, and Africa. Items such as fish, fur, tobacco, rice, and indigo were shipped from the colonies in exchange for manufactured goods from Europe. Manufactured goods from Europe and rum from the colonies also went to Africa, were they were exchanged for slaves who were then sent to the West Indies and North America.

Protestant immigrants from northern Ireland, Scotland, and northern England. Deteriorating economic conditions in their European homelands contributed to increasing migration to the colonies in the 18th century.

A kind of indentured servant; in this system, A captain agreed to provide passage to Philadelphia, where redemptioners would obtain money to pay for their transportation, usually by selling themselves as a servant

Philadelphia tradesman who in 1733 began publishing Poor Richard's Almanack, which preached the likelihood of earthly rewards for tireless labor. He went on to become one of the most prominent colonial leaders of the eighteenth century.

The crossing of the Atlantic by slave ships traveling from West Africa to the Americas. Slaves were crowded together in extremely unhealthful circumstances. Th mortality rate for slaves during such a voyage was 15 percent on average but sometimes 50% or more died

Slave uprising in Stono, SC, in 1739 in which a group of slaves armed themselves, plundered six plantations, and killed more than twenty whites. Whites quickly suppressed the rebellion

An 18th century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason to reevaluate previously accepted doctrines and traditions. Enlightenment ideas encouraged examination of the world and independence of mind

Wave of revivals that began in Massachusetts and spread through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s. The movement emphasized vital religious faith and personal choice. It was characterized by large, open-air meetings at which emotional sermons were given by itinerant preachers

Fiery Puritan minister who led revivals in Massachusetts during the 1730s. His sermons, including "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," emphasized human depravity and God's power.

Anglican minister and famous revivalist from England. He visited the colonies seven times in the 1740s and drew enormous audiences to his spellbinding sermons.

Conflict between SC colonists and an alliance of Yamasee and Creek Indians that emerged out of tensions related to the fur trade and land pressure. The Yamasees and their supporters inflicted costly attacks on colonial settlements but lost the war to an alliance between colonists and Cherokee Indians.

Protestant woman who preached criticisms of the colony's leaders to distress of the governor, John Winthrop. Winthrop interrogated her in court, where she was found guilty of heresy of prophecy. She was banished from Boston for her religious views in 1638.

People who believed that Christians could be saved by faith alone and did not need to act in accordance with God's law as a set forth in the Bible. Puritan leaders considered this belief to be a heresy (an opinion or belief that contradicts established religious teaching).

reform effort initiated by King Henry VIII that included banning the Catholic Church and declaring the English monarch head of the new Church of England. Henry's primary concern was consolidating his political power, so the reformed church shared little doctrinally dissenting Protestants.

allowed the unconverted children of the "visible saints" to become "halfway" members of the church. This enabled them to baptize their own children even though they were not full members of the church themselves because they had not experienced full conversion.

elected governor by the stockholders of Massachusetts Bay Company, Winthrop led a large number of Puritan emigrants to Massachusetts in 1630. He preached a famous message laying out his expectations that the colony would be a godly model to the Church of England and the world. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill".

after decades of encroachment on Indian lands, Metacomet, also known as King Phillip, led the Wampanoag Indians in attacks on colonial settlements in Western Massachusetts in 1675. Colonists in New England responded by attacking the Wampanoag and other tribes they believed conspired with them. The colonists prevailed in the brutal war that cost thousands of colonists' and Indians' lives. The war produced lasting enmity between colonists and Indians and precipitated the tightening of royal supervision over the colonies.

joint stock company, formed by a group of Puritans merchants and country gentlemen, that received a royal charter in 1629. The charter granted the company land for colonization and permitted self-governance by the colony.

A covenant the Pilgrims entered into to provide order, security, and a claim to legitimacy when they arrives in present-day Massachusetts, which was far north of the Virginia land grants that had been their initial destination.

A group of dissenting English Protestants who sought to separate from the Church of England. To practice their form of Christianity, they emigrated from England, ultimately settling in present-day Massachusetts in 1620.

Doctrine stated the God determined whether individuals were destined for salvation or damnation before their birth. Nothing the individual did during their life could change the person's fate.

Members of the Religious Society of Friends; most know them as the Quakers. They believe in equality of all peoples and resist the military. Their belief that God spoke directly to each individual through an inner light and that neither ministers nor the Bible were essential to discovering God's word put them in conflict with orthodox Puritans.

Puritan minister whose disagreements with New England's regulation of religious life and policies toward Indians led to expulsion from the colony. During his banishment he founded Rhode Island in 1638, which enshrined the policy of religious tolerance.

a prominent minister in the Massachusetts Bay Colony who disagreed with other leaders in the colony over the exclusion from church of men and women who lived godly lives but who had not experienced conversion. In 1636, he led a group of more than eight hundred colonists to found a new colony at Hartford in the Connecticut River valley.

The first governor elected by the Pilgrims at Plymouth He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks.

Penn, an English Quaker, founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving a charter from King Charles II the year before. He launched the colony as a "holy experiment" based on religious tolerance.

Conflict that grew out of disputed among Britain, France, and Indian tribes over claims to land in North America. The war expanded to encompass much of Europe and its overseas possessions. It also contributed to deteriorating relations between Britain and its North American colonies in the 1760s. The Treaty of Paris marked the conclusion of the conflict in 1763.

Affirmation of Parliament's right to legislate for the colonies in all maters including taxation. The act accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act in March 1766, indicating that Britain conceded the success of Americans' resistance to the Stamp Act but insisted on its power to tax the colonies.

A group formed by Boston shopkeepers and craftsmen under the leadership of Samuel Adams to protest the Stamp Act. They defied the Stamp Act by using street demonstrations to convince the local stamp distributor to resign.

1765, A tax that the British Pariliament placed on newspapers and official documents sold in the American Colonies

Prime Minister Grenville's attempt to fund the huge British war debt by clamping down on smuggling and increasing collection of customs duties. Lowered the duty on French molasses while increasing penalties for smuggling.

British prime minister under King George III from 1763 to 1765. Grenville's attempts to address the problem of British war debt through tougher enforcement of duties and new revenue acts angered colonists.

Following months of tension between British occupying forces and patriotic colonists, violence erupted on March 5, 1770, when British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who had been taunting them, killing five.

growth of population through reproduction, as opposed to immigration. In the 18th century, natural increase accounted for about 3/4 of the American colonies' population growth

system of inheritance in which land was divided more or less equally among sons

Voting requirements favored the wealthy

lived more comfortably

little commonwealth

Navigation Acts

covenant of works

Metacomet

covenant of grace

Plymouth

Scots-Irish or slaves from Africa.

persons who had obtained money for passage from a friend or relative in the colonies or by selling themselves as servants once they arrived.

to negotiate with Indian tribes to purchase land, which reduced frontier clashes.

the per capita consumption of imported goods from England more than doubled.

Quaker merchants.

work and wealth.

slavery

their terms of office were often less than five years, and they had little or no access to patronage positions.

were usually educated and followed the ideas of European Enlightenment thinkers.

block Russian access to present-day California.

could neither overturn slavery nor win in the fight for freedom.

the richest in North America.

both the politics and the economy of the South

a drop in prices and a resulting increase in the purchase of luxury goods by ordinary people.

tied the colonists to the British economy while making them feel more British.

revival movement to convert nonbelievers and revive the piety of believers.

the fur trade

a dispute between Indians, Virginians, Pennsylvanians, and the French over territory in the Ohio Valley.

willingness to commit massive resources to the war.

Indians lost their land and had to face colonists moving west.

discipline within the British military was far more brutal than they had expected.

The debt had doubled since William Pitt took office.

maintain the peace between the colonists and the Indians.

the members of the House of Commons represented all British subjects, wherever they were.

their ability to have a decisive impact on politics.

repealed the act but reaffirmed parliamentary power by passing the Declaratory Act

asserted Parliament's right to legislate for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever."

a law closing Boston harbor until the destroyed tea was paid for.

Natural increase would grow his slave holdings

economic profit

Established slave families often adopted new arrivals as fictive kin

African

Small groups could be trained by seasonal slaves

It was a diversified, worldwide commercial economy focused on the Atlantic world

lived more comfortably