Unit 1- APUSH Brown

1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanoags, led by Metacom, a chief also known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.

1637 Conflict between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies, with American Indian allies (the Narragansett, and Mohegan Indians), against the Pequot Indians. This war saw the elimination of the Pequot in New England, and is exemplary of the Puritan use of genocide towards Native Americans.

1680 rebellion of Native Americans in Northwestern province of Spanish America, caused by Spanish attempt to eliminate all Kachina (dolls that represented guardian spirits) worship. The Native American victory allowed the Hopi to continue to practice their own religion along with Chrisitanity and led to reforms in Spanish policies towards Native Americans. Headright system Parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists.

Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony. Many colonists felt that Oglethorpe was a dictator, and that (along with the colonist's dissatisfaction over not being allowed to own slaves) caused the colony to break down and Oglethorpe to lose his position as governor.

1681- received a land grant from King Charles II, and used it to form a colony that would provide a haven for Quakers. His colony allowed religious freedom and encouraged anyone to emigrate to Pennsylvania, in order to provide a haven for persecuted religions.

The governor of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, hated by the colonists. They surrendered the colony to the English on Sept. 8, 1664.

Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. He did so because he knew that members of his own religion (Catholicism) would be a minority in the colony.

A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks.

The national church of England, founded by King Henry VIII. It included both Roman Catholic and Protestant ideas.

(1588-1649), 1629 - He became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony, and served in that capacity from 1630 through 1649. A Puritan with strong religious beliefs. He opposed total democracy, believing the colony was best governed by a small group of skillful leaders. He helped organize the New England Confederation in 1643 and served as its first president.

Included the Puritans- believed that the Church of England could be purified through reforms.

Included the Pilgrims-believed that the Church of England could not be reformed, and so started their own congregations. Separatists,

She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers were Antinomianists

Founded Rhode Island, 1635 - He left the Massachusetts colony and purchased the land from a neighboring Indian tribe to found the colony of Rhode Island. Rhode Island was the only colony at that time to offer complete religious freedom.

Members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn't achieved grace themselves. The covenant allowed them to participate in some church affairs.

1636 - Founded by a grant form the Massachusetts general court. Followed Puritan beliefs, and had the purpose of providing ministers

(1739-1744) Sudden outbreak of religious fervor that swept through the colonies. One of the first events to unify the colonies.

He gave a gripping sermon called Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, a Careful and Strict Inquiry Into...That Freedom of Will and was a part of the First Great Awakening

Credited with starting the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights."

Economic policy of Europe in the 1500s through 1700s. The government exercised control over industry and trade with the idea that national strength and economic security comes from exporting more than is imported. Possession of colonies provided countries both with sources of raw materials and markets for their manufactured goods. Great Britain exported goods and forced the colonies to buy them.

These were the two British legal doctrines governing the inheritance of property. Primogeniture requried that a man's real property pass in its entirety to his oldest son. Entail requried that property could only be left to direct descendants (usually sons), and not to persons outside of the family.

first published 1732. Written by Benjamin Franklin, it was filled with witty, insightful, and funny bits of observation and common sense advice (the saying, "Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise," first appeared in this almanac). It was the most popular almanac in the colonies.

(1754-1784) An African domestic in the colonies, and a well-known colonial poet. Her poetry was ornate and elaborate.

People who could not afford passage to the colonies another person would pay their passage, and in exchange, the indentured servant would serve that person for a set length of time (usually seven years) and then would be free.

The backbone of New England's economy during the colonial period. Ships from New England sailed first to Africa, exchanging New England rum for slaves. The slaves were shipped from Africa to the Caribbean (this was known as the Middle Passage, when many slaves died on the ships). In the Caribbean, the slaves were traded for sugar and molasses. Then the ships returned to New England, where the molasses were used to make rum.

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

Clergyman, one of the founders of Hartford. Called "the father of American democracy" because he said that people have a right to choose their magistrates.

Set up a unified government for the towns of the Connecticut area (Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield). First constitution written in America.

1643 - Formed to provide for the defense of the four New England colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies.

1619 the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt this system

1676 - Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for not addressing their concerns over Indians. The frontiersmen formed an army, with a charismatic leader they attacked a friendly tribe and eventually the group marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when the leader died of an illness.

1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros).

Governor of the Dominion of New England from 1686 until 1692, when the colonists rebelled and forced him to return to England.

Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity.

1649 - Ordered by Lord Baltimore after a Protestant was made governor of Maryland at the demand of the colony's large Protestant population. The act guaranteed religious freedom to all Christians.

Drawn up by Parliament and presented to King William II and Queen Mary, it listed certain rights of the British people. It also limited the king's powers in taxing and prohibitted the maintenance of a standing army in peacetime.

Prime Minister Robert Walpole's policy in dealing with the American colonies. He was primarily concerned with British affairs and believed that unrestricted trade in the colonies would be more profitable for England than would taxation of the colonies. Also referred to the overall British tendency to allow the colonists to govern themselves.

He published articles critical of British governor William Cosby. He was taken to trial, but found not guilty. The trial set a precedent for freedom of the press in the colonies.

1763-64. Pennsylvania frontiersmen angered by the Eastern-dominated colonial Assembly's unwillingness to help in defense against Indian attacks, murdered some peaceful Indians (always easier than taking on warlike tribes) and marched on Philadelphia. They were persuaded to return to their homes by a group headed by Benjamin Franklin, who promised the Assembly would authorize paying bounties for Indian scalps.

1769-71. Another east-west conflict, this one in North Carolina, triggered by the dominance of the eastern counties. It culminated in the Battle of Alamance, where a thousand government troops beat a "Regulator" (rebel) force twice that size.

legal doctrine whereby, upon marriage, a woman's legal rights were subsumed by those of her husband

A system of labor introduced into the Western Hemisphere by the Spanish. This permitted the holder to claim labor from Indians in a district for a stated period of time.