Chpt 16 Anatomy

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following? -thoracolumbar division -craniosacral division -lumbosacral division -resting division -somatic division

The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is said to function during "rest and digest." -sympathetic -thoracolumbar -visceral -parasympathetic -somatomotor

Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in -the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord. -the cerebrum. -the brain. -the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. -both the brain and the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.

The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state(s)? -trauma -exercise -stress -digestion -exertion

Which response is not part of sympathetic activation? -increased heart rate -increased alertness -decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli -decreased muscle tone

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are ________ and have ________ axons. -short; myelinated -intermediate; small -short; unmyelinated -long; myelinated -long; unmyelinated

In the sympathetic nervous system, where are the preganglionic neurons located? -cerebellum -cervical and sacral segments of the spinal cord -brain stem -sacral segments of the spinal cord -thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord

Postganglionic axons usually are -located in the brain. -unmyelinated. -larger than preganglionic fibers. -myelinated. -located in the spinal cord.

The suprarenal medullae secrete -norepinephrine. -medullin. -epinephrine. -renin. -both epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Which of these neurotransmitters is not released at sympathetic neuroeffector junctions? -epinephrine -nitric oxide -acetylcholine -norepinephrine

Which of these is not an action of the sympathetic nervous system? -to increase sweating -to increase heart rate -to constrict the pupils -to reduce skin circulation

Which of these substances is not a neurotransmitter at a sympathetic effector synapse? -epinephrine -acetylcholine (ACh) -gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) -norepinephrine

Tom suffers from hypertension (high blood pressure). The following answer choices describe the actions of different drugs. The best kind of drug for Tom's condition would: -increase cAMP levels in cardiac muscle tissue. -block beta receptors in cardiac muscle tissue. -block alpha-1 receptors in smooth muscle. -block alpha-2 receptors in adipose tissue. -block alpha-1 receptors in smooth muscle, as well as beta receptors in cardiac muscle tissue

Drugs that have effects similar to those of sympathetic activation are called sympathomimetic drugs. Which of the following would you not expect to observe in a person who has taken a sympathomimetic drug? -increased blood sugar level -dilation of respiratory passages -decreased blood pressure -increased heart rate -sweating

Stimulation of the beta receptors on heart muscle cells results in -the decrease in ATP production. -inhibition of the heart muscle. -decreased force of contraction. -increased heart rate and force of contraction. -slower heart rate.

Stimulation of α1 adrenergic receptors by norepinephrine results in -a decrease in the amount of intracellular cAMP. -release of calcium ions from intracellular stores. -an increase in the amount of intracellular cAMP. -decreased membrane permeability to sodium ion. -increased membrane permeability to potassium ions.

Which of the following statements is true? The stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors can lead to 1) an increase in metabolic activity. 2) stimulation of airway smooth muscle. 3) the breakdown of triglycerides within adipocytes. 1 and 3 1, 2, and 3 3 2 1

An inhaler used to treat airway constriction in asthma or allergy might contain a drug that -activates β2 adrenergic receptors. -activates β1 adrenergic receptors. -activates β2 adrenergic receptors or activates muscarinic cholinergic receptors. -blocks β2 adrenergic receptors. -activates muscarinic cholinergic receptors.

Which of the following is a component of the sympathetic nervous system? -submandibular ganglion -celiac ganglion -ciliary ganglion -otic ganglion

Which nerves contain the most parasympathetic preganglionic fibers? -optic -vagus -splanchnic -trigeminal

Parasympathetic functions include all of the following, except -constriction of the pupils. -stimulation of urination. -decrease in the rate of cardiac contraction. -stimulation of defecation. -dilation of the airways.

Nicotine, the highly addictive plant toxin, activates nicotinic receptors in the peripheral nervous system. This means it will __________. -facilitate synaptic transmission at all autonomic neuroeffector synapses -facilitate synaptic transmission at all autonomic ganglionic synapses -inhibit synaptic transmission at all autonomic ganglionic synapses -inhibit synaptic transmission at all autonomic synapses

Which of these organs does not receive parasympathetic input? -stomach -heart -lungs -skin

Sweat glands contain ________ receptors. -muscarinic cholinergic -alpha -adregeneric -nicotinic cholinergic -beta

Nicotinic receptors -are found at neuroeffector junctions of the sympathetic nervous system. -respond to epinephrine. -open chemically-gated sodium ion channels. -respond to norepinephrine. -are found at neuroeffector junctions of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Muscarinic receptors -control sodium channels in the affected membrane. -are normally activated by acetylcholine. -are blocked by norepinephrine. -are found mostly in autonomic ganglia. -always produce an excitatory response.

Which of these is not a similarity between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems? -Both affect heart rate. -Both affect the pupils. -Both use norepinephrine. -Both use acetylcholine.

Dual innervation refers to an organ receiving -both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation. -nerves from both the brain and the spinal cord. -both sensory and motor nerves. -both autonomic and somatomotor nerves. -two nerves from the spinal cord.

Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers that innervate the heart pass through the -sphenopalatine ganglia. -cardiac plexus. -otic ganglia. -celiac plexus. -hypogastric plexus.

Control of the diameter of the respiratory passages depends upon sensory receptors sensitive to changes in lung ventilation. sympathetic stimulation only. parasympathetic stimulation only. both parasympathetic and sympathetic levels of stimulation. somatomotor stimulation only.

Autonomic tone is an important aspect of ANS function because it allows ANS neurons to increase activity on demand but not decrease their activity. allows ANS neurons to be silent under normal conditions. provides for a narrow range of control options that keeps target tissues constantly active. allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their activity, providing a range of control options. allows ANS neurons to decrease their activity on demand but not increase their activity.

A decrease in the autonomic tone of the smooth muscle in a blood vessel would result in an increase in blood flow through the vessel. no change in vessel diameter. oscillation in vessel diameter. a decrease in blood flow through the vessel. a decrease in vessel diameter.

Which of the following is essential for memory consolidation? insula basal nuclei prefrontal lobe occipital lobe hippocampus

Long-term memories that are with you for a lifetime are called multilobar memories. tertiary memories. consolidated memories. reflexive memories. secondary memories.

Conversion of a short-term memory to a long-term memory is called memory programming. memory consolidation. anterograde amnesia. memory conversion. memory engraving.

The conscious state is maintained by the prefrontal lobes. reticular activating system. general interpretive area. nucleus gracilis. limbic system.

A state of unconsciousness in which an individual can be aroused by normal stimuli is coma. a chronic vegetative state. somnolence. stupor. sleep.

LSD activates __________ receptors in the limbic system. acetylcholine serotonin dopamine norepinephrine

Brain dopamine levels are important in all of these except __________. schizophrenia the action of amphetamine Huntington disease Parkinson disease

The difficulties with memory and language common with advancing years may be signs of __________. supermaturity senile dementia delirium agitans Alzheimer disease

Hallucinogenic drugs, such as LSD, function by stimulating receptors for norepinephrine. stimulating serotonin receptors. blocking acetylcholine receptors. mimicking the action of dopamine. increasing the production of GABA.

Which of these organ systems least requires the nervous system to function? respiratory muscular endocrine skeletal