Chapter 7 Part 3

Many people retain their classically conditioned fears without any conscious recollection of how or when those fears were learned. This best illustrates ________ memory. a. implicit b. short-term c. sensory d. working e. state-dependent

Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called a. sensory memories. b. flashbulb memories. c. mood-congruent memories. d. repressed memories. e. semantic memories.

Most Americans still have accurate flashbulb memories of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001. This best illustrates that memory formation is facilitated by a. retrieval cues. b. the serial position effect. c. source amnesia. d. the body's release of stress hormones. e. long-term potentiation.

By shrinking the hippocampus, prolonged stress is most likely to inhibit the process of a. source misattribution. b. proactive interference. c. long-term memory formation. d. repression. e. mood-congruent memory.

The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as a. chunking. b. the serial position effect. c. automatic processing. d. long-term potentiation. e. proactive interference.

Long-term potentiation refers to a. the impact of overlearning on retention. b. an automatic tendency to recall emotionally significant events. c. an increase in a neuron's firing potential. d. the process of learning something without any conscious memory of having learned it. e. the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.

One effect of long-term potentiation is that a. the sending neuron needs additional prompting to release its neurotransmitters. b. more glucose energy is made available to fuel brain activity. c. a receiving neuron's receptor sites may increase. d. the memory trace can be tracked to specific sites in the brain. e. more neurons are added into a neural chain of memory.

When an eyewitness to an auto accident is asked to describe what happened, which test of memory is being used? a. reconstruction b. recognition c. rehearsal d. recall e. relearning

An eyewitness to a grocery store robbery is asked to identify the suspects in a police lineup. Which test of memory is being utilized? a. recall b. relearning c. recognition d. misinformation e. reconstruction

The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as the ________ effect. a. serial position b. misinformation c. mnemonic d. priming e. spacing

On the telephone, Dominic rattles off a list of 10 grocery items for Kyoko to bring home from the store. Immediately after hearing the list, Kyoko attempts to write down the items. She is most likely to forget the items a. at the beginning of the list. b. at the end of the list. c. in the middle of the list. d. at the beginning and in the middle of the list. e. at the middle and the end of the list.

Words, events, places, and emotions that trigger our memory of the past are called a. retrieval cues. b. déjà vu. c. iconic traces. d. context effects. e. schemas.

The smell of freshly baked bread awakened in Mr. Hutz vivid memories of his early childhood. The aroma apparently acted as a powerful a. echoic memory. b. retrieval cue. c. implicit memory. d. spacing effect. e. mnemonic.

Retrieval cues are most likely to facilitate a process known as a. automatic processing. b. repression. c. chunking. d. relearning. e. priming.

Memories are primed by a. repression. b. retrieval cues. c. retroactive interference. d. the serial position effect. e. source amnesia.

Hearing the word "rabbit" may lead people to spell the spoken word "hair" as "h-a-r- e." This best illustrates the outcome of a process known as a. chunking. b. retroactive interference. c. proactive interference. d. repression. e. priming.

The discovery that words heard underwater are later better recalled underwater than on land best illustrates the value of a. the serial position effect. b. echoic memory. c. the spacing effect. d. retrieval cues. e. implicit memory.

The association of sadness with memories of negative life events contributes to a. the self-reference effect. b. retroactive interference. c. repression. d. source amnesia. e. mood-congruent memory.

Compared with formerly depressed people, those who are currently depressed are more likely to recall their parents as rejecting and punitive. This best illustrates a. the misinformation effect. b. source amnesia. c. the self-reference effect. d. mood-congruent memory. e. retroactive interference.

Negative recall primed by distressing emotions most clearly illustrates a. repression. b. retroactive interference. c. the misinformation effect. d. proactive interference. e. mood-congruent memory.

Lars was feeling depressed at the time he read a chapter of his history textbook. Lars is likely to recall best the contents of that chapter when he is a. depressed. b. happy. c. relaxed. d. unemotional. e. excited.

In describing what he calls the seven sins of memory, Daniel Schacter suggests that storage decay contributes to a. absent-mindedness. b. repression. c. transience. d. implicit memory. e. source amnesia.

Austin can't remember Jack Smith's name because he wasn't paying attention when Jack was formally introduced. Austin's poor memory is best explained in terms of a. storage decay. b. proactive interference. c. encoding failure. d. retroactive interference. e. source amnesia.

The inability to remember how Lincoln's head appears on a penny is most likely due to a failure in a. encoding. b. storage. c. retrieval. d. implicit memory. e. iconic memory.

To prevent encoding failure you should a. avoid source amnesia. b. limit parallel processing. c. engage in effortful processing. d. stop long-term potentiation. e. encourage priming.

The famous Ebbinghaus forgetting curve indicates that how well we remember information depends on a. how long ago we learned that information. b. the nature of our mood during encoding and retrieval. c. whether the information is part of our implicit or explicit memory. d. whether the information was learned by deep or shallow processing. e. whether proactive interference occurred.

Ebbinghaus discovered that the rate at which we forget newly learned information is initially a. slow and subsequently stays slow. b. slow and subsequently speeds up. c. rapid and subsequently stays rapid. d. rapid and subsequently slows down. e. steady and subsequently speeds up.

Using nonsense syllables to study memory, Hermann Ebbinghaus found that a. our sensory memory capacity is essentially unlimited. b. iconic memory fades more rapidly than echoic memory. c. what is learned in one mood is most easily retrieved while in that same mood. d. the most rapid memory loss for new information occurs shortly after it is learned. e. syllables that were meaningful to the participants were recalled best.

Based on Herman Ebbinghaus' "forgetting curve" how will your memories for psychological concepts change? a. I will forget most psychological concepts soon after learning them, but the information I recall after that immediate drop will be retained for years. b. Memory loss will occur slowly, so I should be able to remember most psychological concepts for many years. c. Retroactive interference will hinder my ability to recall psychological concepts as new information blocks my recall. d. Over time the misinformation effect will increase the likelihood that I will forget the psychological concepts that I have learned. e. I will forget psychological concepts soon after learning them, unless priming occurs.

Judy is embarrassed because she momentarily fails to remember a good friend's name. Judy's poor memory most likely results from a failure in a. storage. b. encoding. c. rehearsal. d. retrieval. e. automatic processing.