Chapter Eight example #15610

Students often have longer-lasting memories of information from a one-semester course than from an intensive three-week course. This best illustrates the importance of: A) automatic processing. B) the spacing effect. C) chunking. D) implicit memory.

Implicit memory is to explicit memory as ________ is to ________. A) the spacing effect; the self-reference effect B) automatic processing; effortful processing C) iconic memory; echoic memory D) short-term memory; long-term memory

Lynnae's long-term memory of what she reads is improved if she responds to fill-in-the-blank questions after completing sections of her reading assignments. Her experience best illustrates: A) the self-reference effect. B) the peg-word system. C) automatic processing. D) the testing effect.

Echoic memory refers to: A) a vivid memory of an emotionally significant event. B) the encoded meanings of words and events in long-term memory. C) a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli. D) the automatic retention of incidental information about the timing and frequency of events.

Cheri doesn't remember that she got sick after eating oatmeal on several occasions in early childhood. However, whenever she smells oatmeal now she experiences a classically conditioned feeling of nausea. Cheri's conditioned reaction indicates that she retains a(n) ________ memory. A) implicit B) echoic C) iconic D) working

A year and a half after directly experiencing a San Francisco earthquake, people had very accurate recall of where they had been and what they were doing at the time of the earthquake. Their recall best illustrates ________ memory. A) flashbulb B) procedural C) state-dependent D) implicit

Karl and Dee had a joyful wedding ceremony and reception. After their painful divorce, however, they began to remember the wedding as a somewhat hectic and unpleasant event. Their recollections best illustrate the nature of A) repression. B) memory construction. C) anterograde amnesia. D) proactive interference.

Encoding verbal information semantically involves: A) echoic memory. B) shallow processing. C) iconic memory. D) deep processing.

According to Alan Baddeley's memory model, we consciously process incoming auditory and visual information in our ________ memory. A) working B) echoic C) procedural D) implicit

Ebbinghaus found that memorizing familiar words required much less effort than memorizing nonsense syllables. This best illustrates the advantage of: A) the spacing effect. B) semantic processing. C) implicit memory. D) acronyms.

The inability to remember whose face appears on a five-dollar bill is mostly likely due to a failure in A) storage B) implicit memory C) encoding D) retrieval

A subregion within the __________ is likely to be especially active when people are learning to associate new friends' names with their faces. A) amygdala B) basal ganglia C) hippocampus D) cerebellum

The address for obtaining tickets to a popular quiz show flashes on the TV screen, but the image disappears before Sergei has had a chance to write down the complete address. To his surprise, however, he has retained a momentary mental image of the five-digit zip code. His experience best illustrates ________ memory. A) iconic B) procedural C) implicit D) echoic

Recall of what you have learned is often improved when your physical surroundings at the time of retrieval and encoding are the same. This best illustrates A) long-term potentiation. B) memory consolidation. C) context-dependent memory. D) the serial position effect.

Learning a new online banking password may block the recall of a familiar old password. This illustrates: A) proactive interference. B) source amnesia. C) retroactive interference. D) the misinformation effect.

Jamille is taking French in school. She gets her best grades on vocabulary tests if she studies for 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as: A) automatic processing. B) the spacing effect. C) the peg-word system. D) chunking.

Although Yusef was having difficulty recalling the capital of Spain, he quickly and correctly identified it after being given a list of cities in Spain. Yusef's initial inability to recall the answer was due to a failure in: A) retrieval. B) storage. C) encoding. D) implicit memory.

Four-year-old Aaron doesn't recall ever seeing a hypodermic needle, and he can't remember the series of painful injections he received when he was a 2-year-old. When shown a hypodermic needle, however, he reacted with a classically conditioned fear response. Aaron's fear reaction indicates that he retains a(n) ________ memory. A) echoic B) implicit C) procedural D) iconic

Answering questions about what she had read in her psychology textbook improves Shauna's memory of the material more effectively than rereading the textbook material. This best illustrates: A) the peg-word system. B) automatic processing. C) the self-reference effect. D) the testing effect.

A process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved, are altered before being stored again is called: A) proactive interference. B) reconsolidation. C) repression. D) retroactive interference.

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli is called ________ memory. A) short-term B) implicit C) iconic D) echoic

Some of the information in our ________ memory is encoded into ________ memory. A) short-term; sensory B) working; echoic C) iconic; short-term D) long-term; iconic

Professor Maslova has so many memories of former students that she has difficulty remembering the names of new students. The professor's difficulty best illustrates: A) proactive interference. B) source amnesia. C) retrograde amnesia. D) retroactive interference.

Many students review course material at various times during a semester so they will be prepared for the final exam. These students are especially likely to retain the information far into the future. This best illustrates the value of: A) procedural memory. B) distributed practice. C) the self-reference effect. D) implicit memory.

Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend's phone number that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend's number. Arnold's difficulty best illustrates A) source amnesia. B) retroactive interference. C) proactive interference. D) retrograde amnesia.

The encoding of many aspects of a remembered event simultaneously best illustrates our brain's capacity for: A) automatic processing. B) distributed practice. C) massed practice. D) parallel processing.

The persistence of learning over time most clearly depends on: A) memory. B) shallow processing. C) visual encoding. D) chunking.

The letters Y, M, O, M, R, E are presented. Jill remembers them by rearranging them to spell the work 'memory'. This provides an illustration of: A) the spacing effect. B) chunking. C) automatic processing. D) the peg-word system.

Encoding a word on the basis of its meaning produces a better memory of the word than encoding a word on the basis of its sound. This best illustrates the value of: A) chunking. B) iconic memory. C) the spacing effect. D) deep processing.

An information-processing model that views memories as emerging from the simultaneous activation of interconnected neural networks is known as: A) mnemonics B) the distribution system C) the peg-word system D) connectionism