Chapter 6: Earth Science - Forests

25 July 2022
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Since tropical forests typically have only a few commercially valuable trees per acre, logging operations
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do extensive damage because of road building and injury to surrounding trees.
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The most sustainable land use in tropical forests is probably
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milpa farming.
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Although most of the world's forests are shrinking, biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss because
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they contain such high biodiversity.
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Old-growth forests are notable for containing species that
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are highly adapted to their special environment.
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Knowing that there are many endangered species found in the old growth forests of the United States, what might you expect remains today of all the old growth forests that stood in the United States before European settlement?
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less than 10 percent
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Most commercial loggers prefer "clear-cut" harvesting because it
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is the most efficient, cheapest harvest method using large, fast machinery instead of costly labor.
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Economically, monoculture forestry is advantageous for the loggers because
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it produces large quantities of a single type of tree for a particular use, such as building timber or paper pulp.
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Annually, the Forest Service __________ on timber sales mainly because of the emphasis on ________________.
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loses money; building roads into wilderness areas
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The primary aim of the U.S. Forest Service has historically been to provide ______________ based on Pinchot's philosophy of _________________.
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timber to logging companies; pragmatic conservation
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Seasonal migration allows grazing livestock to
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use marginal lands year after year with modest environmental damage.
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The first symptom of range overgrazing is usually
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the disappearance of palatable herbs.
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In general, the global range of world deserts are
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increasing because of logging and grazing.
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National parks are an important part of our heritage,
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but they are endangered by overcrowding, pollution, and in some places, mining.
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Over the past decade, the number of park visitors has _______ and park budgets have ________.
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increased by one third; decreased by about 25%
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Most public rangelands are in poor condition due to
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overcrowding of private livestock.
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Monetary inputs to local economies due to the presence of parks and reserves is
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ecotourism.
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The IUCN world conservation strategy is directed at protecting
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ecosystems and biodiversity.
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The highest rate of forest loss occurs in
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Africa.
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Which forest harvest method would leave the forest as close to a natural old growth forest as possible?
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Selective harvest
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The increase in which of the species below would indicate to you that the pasture you see is overgrazed?
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Sage.
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A major limiting factor to success of parks and reserves in developing nations would be
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the lack of money and infrastructure to manage the parks and preserves.
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What technique might you use to determine size and location of a preserve to protect grizzly bears?
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GIS.
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Which of the following statements regarding wildlife refuges is true?
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Wildlife refuges are managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
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An increased number of cowbirds (a species that likes areas where grassland and forests meet) would be an indicator of
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increased edge habitat.
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Which nation listed below has the highest deforestation rate?
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Brazil
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A promising approach to encourage conservation and preservation in developing countries is
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the REDD program.
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One possible solution to the problem of insufficient land area for preserves is to use _______________ to link smaller habitat areas.
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corridors
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United States national parks are managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
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f
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The loss of forests can affect rainfall patterns.
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t
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Marine reserves are more common and easier to manage than terrestrial reserves.
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f
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Diversity can be preserved by linking reserves together with corridors.
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t
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REDD is a forest protection program sponsored by the
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United Nations Environment Program.
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A more sustainable form of managing grasslands is
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rotational grazing.
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Preservation of genetic diversity essential for breeding programs to improve cultivated plants and domestic animals is part of the
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IUCN World Conservation Strategy.