Ch. 14 Saha (Final)

Accounting for over half of all deforestation in tropical regions is ________. A) the highly productive nature of tropical soils B) the need for agricultural expansion C) the harvesting of natural forest products for food D) the unlimited supply of land E) the need for urban development

Sustainable use of forests includes which of the following? A) Recycling more paper to reduce the need for pulp-wood B) Growing more timber on short rotations C) Practicing clear cutting D) Building new roads and homes in forest areas E) Practicing shifting agriculture on forest land

Which of the following is a consequence of clearing forests for agriculture purposes? A) Crop productivity is greatly increased because of the rich soil. B) Biodiversity is increased. C) Soil erosion is increased. D) Water runoff is decreased. E) CO2 levels remain appropriate within the atmosphere.

Sustainable forest management ________. A) includes even-aged management B) is the most efficient way to harvest valuable small timber without disturbing the larger early successional trees C) is the most efficient, cheapest harvesting method D) is the most effective way to harvest all trees in a given location E) includes varied uneven-aged management approaches

High grading can be defined as ________. A) removal of particular species of trees for fuel and construction B) a forest that has been largely unaffected by humans C) the loss of biodiversity of forest areas D) artificially or naturally reforested areas E) the natural frequency and severity of fires in a forest

Allocation is ________. A) the management of the location and relative amounts of different forest uses B) the creation of agricultural lands C) the loss of biodiversity of forest areas D) naturally reforesting specific areas E) the creation of even-aged stands for greater biodiversity

Complete removal of the forest canopy is ________. A) even-aged management B) uneven aged management C) selective harvesting D) rationing E) forest rotation

Forests contain ________ of the world's biodiversity. A) 3% B) 21% C) 32% D) 57% E) 75%

The best approach for slowing worldwide deforestation will require ________. A) multiple strategies B) focus on soil erosion issues C) focus on limiting consumption in developing countries D) limiting biodiversity losses E) focus on charcoal use in developed countries

Wood consumption by humans in developing countries is primarily used for ________. A) building B) fuel C) solid wood products D) making paper E) manufacturing homes

The seeds of conifer trees are found in ________. A) flowers B) roots C) cones D) shoots E) tissue

Field experiments studying the effects of increased CO2 on forest growth have shown ________. A) there is no real effect B) an enhanced ability of forests to take up and store carbon under all circumstances C) increased NPP only when nitrogen and water are abundant D) increased NPP only when phosphorus and nitrogen are abundant E) increased NPP when prior selective cutting produced healthy forests

The establishment stage of forest development following disturbance can be described as ________. A) tree seedlings germinating on the recently cleared ground B) large trees continuing to grow with the biomass of the forest increasing C) trees becoming much larger and more widely spaced in the forest D) tree seedlings becoming established in the gaps in the forest E) very large, old trees that are abundant

Primary plant/tree growth is characterized mainly by ________. A) seed germination B) growth and production of wood C) change in diameter of the stem/trunk D) upward and downward growth due to cell division at tips of roots and shoots E) development of leaves which are essential to photosynthesis

10,000 years ago, forests covered approximately 50% of Earth. Today, forests cover approximately ________ of the Earth's land area. A) 5% B) 15% C) 30% D) 50% E) 70%

Currently, the most economically valuable non-wood commodity to be harvested from forests is ________. A) mushrooms and truffles B) wild nuts and fruits for human food C) gums and resins for industry D) pharmaceuticals E) high protein foods for malnourished populations

Primary forests ________. A) have been impacted by fire B) have been largely unaffected by humans C) have been compromised because of the introduction of non-nature species D) have grown back from disturbance E) have been cleared by not degrading it

Rationing is ________. A) intensively managing forests for human benefit B) intensively managing forests for plant and animal benefit C) the process of determining the amounts of forests goods and services to be used by humans D) the process of determining how old a forest is E) the process of managing the forest using selective cutting

REDD programs focus on maximizing the storage of ________ in forests. A) carbon B) nitrogen C) nitrite D) methane E) phosphorous

Rotation time is ________. A) intensively managing forests for plant and animal benefit B) intensively managing forests for human benefit C) intended use of wood D) the average interval between successive cuts E) the average interval between types of forests: evergreen or deciduous

Life of a single tree begins with a(n) ________. A) conifer B) seed C) angiosperm D) flower E) cone

Which tree species is most widely used for the purpose of making paper? A) Maple B) Pine C) Redwood D) Cedar E) Ash

Rotation time in a forest depends on ________. A) forest management goals B) trees produced in the forest C) heterogeneous age structure of the forest D) topography and location of the forest E) extraction of the wood for building homes

A major feature of forest certification programs is their creation of ________. A) government regulations for harvested wood B) standards for the sustainable management of specific forest types C) increased public awareness of forestry biology D) increased much-needed agricultural use of forest lands E) privatization of forestry management approaches

One possible approach to remediating the above scenario might be ________. A) community-based programs coupling forest restoration with economic development B) increasing agricultural output of the country so that starvation is reduced C) employing even-aged forestry management practices D) increasing education of the populous so that more urban technology can occur E) sustainable harvesting of agricultural crop

What percentage of wood harvested in Africa is consumed for fuel? A) 10% B) 20% C) 40% D) 60% E) 90%

One immediate consequence of Haiti's forestry practices after tropical storm Jeanne was ________. A) to decrease important sediments brought to cropland B) to pollute tropical oceans decreasing tourism C) to increase volume and speed of rainfall runoff D) to reduce NPP values which affected food growing potential E) to increase the demand for wood products from forests