Chapter 5: Nonverbal Communication

intentional or unintentional transmission of meaning through non-spoken physical and behavioral cues

1. uses multiple channels 2. more ambiguous 3. fewer rules 4. conveys 93% of meaning interactions

happens when verbal and nonverbal messages contradict each other

women are better than men at sending and receiving verbal and nonverbal messages why? we are more expressive, smile more, etc.

years of immersion may be necessary to understand a culture's nonverbal comm -thumbs up is insulting in asia -nodding oyu head means no in Bulgaria

different means used for transmitting information nonverbally

kinesics vocalics haptics proxemics chronemics physical appearance artifacts environment

communication through visible body movements, how we hold ourselves portrays confidence -facial expressions (angry, happy) -eye contact (interested in someone else, judge honesty, care, bosses who use it are more likable, waiters who use it get better tips) -gestures -posture (attorneys use to sway jurors)

serve very distinct purposes emblems illustrators regulators adaptors

represent specific verbal meanings (middle finger) or you can say it and you know what it means

accent or illustrate verbal messages -ex: show how big a table is by drawing it with your finger

control exchange of conversational terms during interpersonal encounters -(hurry up-swirl hand, hold up one finger to show them to stop)

touching gestures that serve a physical purpose -touch hair, adjust clothes

-immediacy (increases closeness of communicators, leaning in, you like them) -power (boss talking to an employee (stand over the desk when talking to them at a cubicle)

vocal characteristics with communicative value -projects identity

loudness pitch speech rate tone

nonverbal communication code of touch -shows power -women touch more than men -men touch to show power and control -women touch to show affection and liking -baby girls are touched more and more gently than boys -touching in basketball, hugging as teenager, sitting in comfy chair v. rigid one offered to pay more for car

functional-professional social-polite friendship-warmth love-intimacy sexual-arousal

accomplishes some type of task -ex: dentist touching your mouth (athlete and coach, student and teacher)

social norms and expectations -ex: shaking hands, kissing on both cheeks to greet someone

expresses liking -hugging

hugging that is intimate, conveys deep emotional feelings

to physically stimulate another person

communication through the use of physical distance -how close you stand to another person -ex: too close is alarming, too far away is weird and awkward -american individualism means we like more space, kids get own room

intimate space public space social distance personal space

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men prefer this, not as close as women

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tendency to claim physical spaces as our own and to define certain locations as areas we don't want others to invade without permission -we claim spaces as our own (a parking spot, my side of the room, this desk) -varies in cultures

way you use time to communicate during interpersonal encounters and define identities -how we use time in our relationships to communicate with others -some cultures are more laid back -in others, people are pissed if you are late -importabt people can keep others waiting (doctors) -lower status people must be on time (doctors time is more valuable than yours) -spend more time with people you like -western culture empasies time -companies spend more time with people with more money (bankers, brokers, architects)

m-time (monochronic) p-time (polychromic)

time is a valued commodity to be saved, scheduled, and carefully guarded, people are punctual, guarded, and efficient, do one thing at a time

many things happen simultaneously-multitasking, , punctuality is not stressed, can cancel meetings without much of a reason -people show up late to class but also stay late to ask questions

visible attributes such as hair, clothing, body type, etc. western cultures promotes thinness, which leads to eating disorders and steroid in men, but african cultures are the opposite except in higher classes

facial symmetry (Nicole Kidman) clothing gender and emphasis on physical appearance (men judge more on appearance, women judge more on other qualities)

the things we possess that we use to express our identity to others, such as objects -jewelry -to indicate power or status -briefcase, backpack, military uniform, tailored suit v. jeans -how we decorate our homes (to show we're a couple, to show religious, to show rich, to show artsy)

physical features of our surrounding that affect how we feel/act lighting, furniture, smells, sounds-music -mcdonalds spaces seats very close and tilted forward to promote eating fast and leaving -think about Starbucks and the decorations they use to create a feel to the place, cater to a certain environment -fixed features (door, wall, ceiling, floor, carpet, wall color) -semi-fixed features (furniture, lighting, tablecloths) -eat fast with fast music, prisons are loud, high income areas are quieter, executive offices are quiet, lower employees bunched together, louder

direct meanings (thumbs up gesture, "ok" gesture indirect meanings (emphasize a verbal communication, varies among cultures,

emotional bonding between ourselves and others

presents aspects of the self supports interaction management defines nature of relationships creates intimacy

exerting power and influence over others

allowing others to exert power over us

-nonverbal speaks louder than verbal -nonverbal is tied to culture -nonverbal messages depend on context -nonverbal and verbal work together

communication that is vocal but doesn't use words mumurs, gasps, volume, tone, pitch, accents, pronunciation, complexity of sentences -negative paralanguage (sneering, ridiculing tone of voice) is associated with bad marriages