Chapter 5 Book Quizzes

The four stages of cognitive development, according to Piaget, are __

According to Piaget, ____ is the process by which people understand an experience in terms of their current stage of cognitive development and way of thinking

Piaget believed the major achievement of the final substage in the sensorimotor stage is __

One hallmark of the preoperational stage is _____, thinking that does not take into account the viewpoints of others.

Understanding that because 3+5=8, 5+3 also =8 is an example of the concept of _____, a characteristic of concrete operational thought.

Critics of Piaget note that his theory of cognitive development overlooks the _____ systems that are present from early infancy

Research suggests Piaget may have erred in asserting that preschoolers have little understanding of _____, as shown by their inability to grasp conservation and reversibility.

______ thinking takes into account that issues are not always clear-cut, and makes use of argument, counterargument, and debate.

Perry found that as college students were exposed to new ideas and viewpoints, they came to understand that it is possible to hold _____ on an issue.

Schaie's final stage of cognitive development, the ___ stage, occurs in late adulthood as people focus on tasks that have personal meaning.

Vygotsky viewed children as ___ who learn cognitive strategies and other skills from adults and peer mentors

Vygotsky believed that societal expectations about ____ play a role in how children come to understand the world.

According to Vygotsky, the level at which a child can almost but not fully perform a task independently (but can do so with assistance), is the child's ____.

Scaffolding involves helping children to ___ appropriately

Vygotsky's theory that children's comprehension of the world flows from their ____ is increasingly well-supported by research.

Piaget believed that the basic building blocks of our understanding of the world are mental structures called _____, organized patterns of functioning that adapt and change with mental development

In substage 4 of the sensorimotor period, infants begin to use _____, in which they combine and coordinate several schemes to generate a single act or solve a problem.

The knowledge that develops in the preschool years that quantity is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of objects is called ___

In middle childhood, children begin to apply ____ to solve concrete problems.

_______ is reasoning that allows adolescents to use abstract logic in the absence of concrete examples.

Critics of Piaget believe his timeline for the development of both ___is too late

Research shows that the progress of cognitive development cannot be understood without considering a child's ____

Labouvie-Vief believes cognitive development continues beyond adolescence. Her theory of ____thought acknowledges that adult problems must sometimes be solved in relativistic terms.

Perry found that students entering college tended to engage in ____ thinking, regarding everything as either right or wrong and people as good or bad.

According to Schaie's stages of cognitive development, young adults' focus shifts from the future to the here-and-now as they enter the ___stage.

Vygotsky viewed cognitive development as the product of ____

According to Vygotsky , ___ establish the institutions that promote development by providing opportunities for cognitive growth.

Vygotsky refers to the assistance or structuring provided by parents, teachers, or skilled peers as ___

According to Vygotsky, cognitive development occurs when new information is presented by an adult or skilled peer within a child's ___

Vygotsky's theory is sometimes criticized for overlooking how basic cognitive processes such as _____ develop.