Why did planters maintain the servant system through the 1680s?
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Free people preferred to work for themselves.
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What happened in Virginia after Bacon's death?
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Royal officials nullified Bacon's Laws.
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What did the concept of mercantilism dictate about the colonial economy?
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What was good for England should become colonial policy.
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Seventeenth-century Chesapeake society was essentially a society of
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servants and free workers.
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Virginia tobacco farmers confronted what major obstacle in the 1600s?
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Too few workers
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King James's land grant to the Virginia Company of over 6 million acres allowed English settlers to
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poach on Spanish claims and on Indian lands.
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Which factor
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along with Opecancanough's uprising, led King James to revoke the Virginia Company charter and make Virginia a royal colony in 1624?, A report highlighting the mismanagement of the Virginia Company
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What is a yeoman farmer?
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One whose small plot of land is worked by himself and his family
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The availability of land during the first half of the seventeenth century shaped what kind of society in the Chesapeake?
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A society with a degree of frontier equality
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A servant labor system in the British colonies was made possible by the New World's labor shortage and
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the decrease in job opportunities in England.
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The majority of the original settlers who came to Jamestown and the Virginia colony were
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Gentlemen and their servants.
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Planters preferred a slave labor system over a servant labor system because slaves
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could be controlled politically.
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Indentured servants viewed themselves as
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free people who were servants only temporarily.
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Which statement describes the sugar economy of Barbados in 1680?
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The wealthiest Barbadians were four times richer than Chesapeake tobacco farmers.
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The slave labor system that was introduced to the Chesapeake was "exported" from
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Barbados
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Which profitable export crop depended on the expertise of slaves brought from West Africa to Carolina?
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Rice
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Most indentured came from which class?
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Poor men from England
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What happened to the Spanish colonial outposts in New Mexico and Florida?
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They stagnated and primarily attracted missionaries.
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Under royal government in Virginia
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the colony's inhabitants could vote for, Local burgesses
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The slave population grew in Barbados because
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planters imported more slaves from Africa.
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How did Powhatan help the English stave off starvation?
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He brought corn to the colony for barter.
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By the 1670s
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the Chesapeake social structure was polarized along what lines?, Land ownership
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What crop turned Virginia into a stable colony?
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Tobacco
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Bacon's Rebellion erupted in 1676 as a dispute over Indian policy and ended as a conflict between
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The plantar elite and small farmers.
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How did the decline in the price of tobacco in the third quarter of the seventeenth century change the Chesapeake?
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Social divisions emerged.
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Until the 1670s
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almost all Chesapeake colonists were English; by
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1700
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how many were African?, One in eight
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How did tobacco farming shape Chesapeake settlement
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Tobacco farmers sought land that fronted a navigable river to ease transport
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Which statement characterizes most hired workers in Virginia?
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Workers earned two to three times more in the Chesapeake than
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Virginia?
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Disease
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Why did Richard Hakluyt support English colonization?
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Colonies would provide a place for the unemployed to work.
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By 1700
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the British Caribbean annually exported nearly 50 million pounds of which product?, Sugar
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Indentured servants in the Chesapeake could have their servitude extended by years if they
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Failed to work hard
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farmers decrease between 1660 and 1700?
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The colony increased its dependence on slave labor.
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Unlike servants in England
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Chesapeake servants, had no control over who purchased their labor.
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When Pocahontas intervened to save John Smith
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she may have been participating in an Algonquian ceremony that, expressed Powhatan's power and willingness to incorporate Smith to Powhatan's empire
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in 1700?
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Barbados
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How did the Headlighs encourage settlement in the Virginia colony?
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They provided fifty acres of land to every settler who paid his own way
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How did the English of the Virginia Company differ from the Spanish colonists in the New World?
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The English cared less about converting Indians to Christianity.
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Why did the colonies shift from an indentured servant labor force to a slave labor force?
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Slavery provided a perpetual labor force.
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What did Opecancanough do only four years after the death of his brother Powhatan?
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Wage an attack on the English
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Spanish missionaries considered European ideas about civilization to be
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necessary for the full conversion of Indians to Christianity.
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How had political equality in Virginia actually decreased by 1670?
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Only male landowners and heads of households could vote.
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How did indentured servitude differ between women and men?
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Women servants could not marry.
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What happened in Maryland
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Lord Baltimore's planned refuge for Catholics?, Catholics feuded with the Protestant majority.
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What was an employer required to give a servant after she or he completed an indenture?
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Freedom dues
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Why were Powhatan and his people suspicious of English intentions?
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Colonists often resorted to violence towards the Indians
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Why did Nathaniel Bacon's demands distress the royal government and the elite planters of Virginia?
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His plan transferred power to newcomers and small farmers.
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Compared to slavery in Barbados
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slaves in the Chesapeake, were subjected to more constant surveillance by whites.
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Why did the Indians refrain from attacking the English settlers during the first fifteen years of English settlement?
