Chapter 18: Foreign and Defense Policy

24 August 2023
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George W. Bush, Barack Obama
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The war in Iraq began under __________ and ended under __________.
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remove the Taliban-led government
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One of the primary purposes of the war in Afghanistan was to __________.
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Department of State
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Which Cabinet-level department has primary responsibility for U.S. foreign policy?
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to implement military policy
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What is the primary responsibility of the Department of Defense?
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to give the president independent advice about foreign and military policy
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What is the role of the national security advisor?
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the leaders of the armed forces
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Who serves on the Joint Chiefs of Staff?
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the director of National Intelligence
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Who heads the U.S. intelligence community?
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the United Nations
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Which international organization was created after World War II at the urging of the United States?
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women's rights
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One highly visible element of U.S. foreign policy in recent years has been the pursuit of __________ and empowerment
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Osama bin Laden trained some of the terrorists in Afghanistan.
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What role did Afghanistan play in the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks?
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the United States
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Which of the following countries is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council?
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the United States
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Which of the following countries is a member of NATO?
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reunified with the North
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After the Paris Peace Agreement, when U.S. forces withdrew from the Vietnam War, South Vietnam was __________.
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The United States instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Eastern Europe.
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Who instituted the Marshall Plan and who benefited directly from it?
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the collapse of the Soviet Union
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What event marked the end of the Cold War?
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Russia
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According to the "How Big is the World's Stockpile of Nuclear Weapons?" feature box, which of the following countries has the most nuclear weapons after the United States?
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Canada
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According to Figure 18.2, who is the largest trading partner with the United States?
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the spread of communism
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What was the foreign policy of containment designed to prevent?
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to provide peacetime collective security for the United States and Western Europe
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Why was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization formed?
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the president
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Who has the ultimate authority and control over U.S. foreign and military policy?
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the Vietnam War
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The United States engaged in which of the following military conflicts in order to prevent the spread of communism?
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to help rebuild Europe after World War II so that it would be less vulnerable to communist influences
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What was the main purpose of the Marshall Plan?
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The war lasted longer than the Bush administration expected
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Which of the following accurately describes the war in Iraq?
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diplomacy
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What is the primary responsibility of the secretary of state?
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diplomacy
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What is the primary responsibility of the secretary of state?
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military policy
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What is the primary responsibility of the secretary of defense?
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nuclear capabilities
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What is the main foreign or defense policy threat posed by Iran?
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The United States has focused on policies of democratic enlargement to promote expansion of democracies and free markets throughout the world.
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Which of the following best describes the United States' policy as a superpower since the end of World War II?
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Iraq, along with North Korea and Iran, was a threat to American security interests.
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Which of the following was a fundamental part of the George W. Bush administration's case for the 2003 war in Iraq?
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Soviet Union
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Which of the following countries would have been most opposed to the policy of containment?
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China and India
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Which of the following countries have posed challenges to the United States in recent years because of their economic growth and global influence?
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ratify treaties
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Congress can exercise influence over foreign policy through its power to __________.
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the National Security Council
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Which of the following is comprised of a broad array of the president's foreign policy advisors and is housed within the White House?
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the Central Intelligence Agency
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Which of the following has as its primary responsibility conducting surveillance about the inner workings of countries across the world?
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Defense industry interest groups have too much influence over U.S. foreign and defense policy.
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What is the most common critique of the militaryindustrial complex?
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protectionism
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Free trade agreements are designed to prevent which of the following?
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a country's refusal to intervene in an armed conflict between two other countries
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Which of the following is most consistent with the foreign policy of isolationism?
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the National Security Council
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During a rapidly developing national security crisis, who is the U.S. president most likely to turn to for advice?
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Congress can reduce appropriations for executing the president's foreign and defense policy
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What can Congress do to influence foreign and defense policy if it is not satisfied with the way the president has handled foreign policy?
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negotiation
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Which of the following is most consistent with the concept of diplomacy?
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trade policy
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In which of the following areas is the United States most likely to become embroiled in a dispute with China?
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by moving a manufacturing plant from the United States to Mexico, where labor is cheaper
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Because of NAFTA, an American business owner may be able to save money through which of the following?
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the secretary of defense
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Which of the following would the president be most likely to consult to determine the best way to use the military to destroy North Korea's nuclear capabilities?
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civilians
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Terrorists are most likely to target which of the following?
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Secretary of State Clinton's visit to Africa to address members of the small-business program in Zambia
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Which of the following is an example of the exercise of America's soft power?
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the Joint Chiefs of Staff
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Which of the following is the president most likely to consult with for advice about how to best take advantage of the strengths of the various service branches when conducting a military operation?
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stockpile additional nuclear weapons in the United States
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During the height of the Cold War, what would the United States likely have done if it had discovered that the Soviet Union had previously unknown stockpiles of nuclear weapons?
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isolationism
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Which of the following would George Washington most likely approve of?
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Each agency controls its own budget and does not always share its intelligence with the other agencies in the intelligence community
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Why is it difficult to coordinate the work of the various intelligence agencies that comprise the U.S. intelligence community?
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It has been driven by the threat the countries pose to the United States.
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How has U.S. foreign policy in Iran and North Korea been similar for much of the past decade?
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Terrorism is typically designed to instill fear in the general public.
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How is terrorism different from traditional military force?
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It was a tense period of time without much use of direct combat.
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Why is the adjective cold used to describe the Cold War?
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to increase the number of markets readily available for American goods
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Why did the United States join the North American Free Trade Agreement?
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because the United States actively inserts itself into world affairs
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Why are isolationists dissatisfied with contemporary U.S. foreign policy?
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China is a large market in an increasingly global economy
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Why has the United States taken a keen interest in China in recent years?
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Diplomacy is less likely to lead to war.
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Why is diplomacy often preferred over use of the military to settle foreign policy disagreements?
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The president has a larger group of foreign and defense policy advisers.
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Why is it easier for the president to influence foreign and defense policy than it is for Congress to do so?
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The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks revealed flaws in the way the U.S. intelligence community operated.
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Under the George W. Bush administration, Congress reorganized the intelligence community and created a new position known as the director of National Intelligence. Why did Congress do this?
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secretary of state
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Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest influence over U.S. foreign policy?
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nuclear ambitions
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What is the most serious common threat posed to the United States by both Iran and North Korea?