Identify the type of neuronal cell that detects bright light and provides high-resolution color vision.
answer
c
question
Which structure contains the blood vessels that nourish all layers of the eye?
answer
the choroid
question
What structure in the eye creates a visual blind spot?
answer
optic disc
question
What is the portion of the eye that allows light to pass into the posterior chamber?
answer
pupil
question
Ordinarily, it is NOT possible to transplant tissues from one person to another, yet corneas can be transplanted without tissue rejection. This is because the cornea ________.
answer
has no blood supply
question
What term refers to the eyes moving medially to track items close at hand?
answer
convergence
question
This figure best illustrates an eyeball that is __________.
answer
emmetropic
question
As the ciliary muscle relaxes, the suspensory ligaments tighten and stretch the lens, allowing for distance vision.
answer
true
question
The elasticity of the lens decreases with age. This leads to which of the following?
answer
less accommodation of the lenses and difficulty focusing on nearby objects
question
The ability to clearly see objects at a distance but not close up is properly called ________.
answer
hyperopia
question
Which photoreceptor cells respond to very dim light?
answer
rods
question
Color vision has much greater resolution than night vision (vision that is mostly in shades of gray). Which of the following is the best explanation for why this is so?
answer
A single cone photoreceptor often connects to a single bipolar cell and a single ganglion cell while as many as 100 rods will converge to a single ganglion cell.
question
The cells of the retina in which action potentials are generated are the ________.
answer
ganglion cells
question
Which part of the visual pathway is responsible for our daily biorhythms?
answer
suprachiasmatic nucleus
question
If you shine a light into one eye both pupils will constrict. The best explanation for this is ________.
answer
sensory input from the retinas of both eyes converges at the optic chiasm and information from each eye is delivered to both the left and right sides of the brain
question
Identify the structure that forms cranial nerve I.
answer
c
question
How are the olfactory receptors activated?
answer
Odorants dissolve in the mucus and bind to receptors.
question
Which of the following best describes the function of the iris?
answer
controls amount of light entering eye
question
Which of the following types of neurons are replaced throughout adult life?
answer
olfactory receptor cells
question
Name the types of papillae that contain taste buds.
answer
fungiform, foliate, and vallate
question
A middle ear infection (otitis media) would be located in which region?
answer
b
question
What are the names of the bones at A, in order from left to right?
answer
malleus, incus, stapes
question
What part of the inner ear houses the receptor organ of hearing, the spiral organ (organ of Corti)?
answer
d
question
Which part of the inner ear houses receptors most responsive to rotational (angular) movements of the head?
answer
a
question
What is the primary function of cerumen?
answer
cleans and lubricates the external auditory canal
question
Receptors for hearing are located in the ________.
answer
cochlea
question
Which middle ear ossicle is attached to, and transmits vibratory motion to, the oval window?
answer
stapes
question
The oval window is connected directly to which passageway?
answer
scala vestibuli
question
Which of the following structures contain receptors that monitor changes in head rotation?
answer
semicircular canals
question
What stimuli does the vestibular apparatus detect?
answer
head position in space
question
The receptor for static equilibrium is the ________.
answer
macula
question
Tinnitus, vertigo, and gradual hearing loss typify the disorder called ________.
