Chapter 13 quiz example #10273

As a social institution, the economy ________ a. produces goods and services. b. guides the consumption of goods and services. c. distributes goods and services. d. All of these responses are correct.

Which social institution do most sociologists claim has the greatest effect on society as a whole? a. The family b. The economy c. The political system d. Religion

Over the course of human history, revolutionary changes in which of the following have brought great transformation to the economy? a. Production technology b. Family structure c. Population size d. Natural resources

The text describes three technological revolutions that transformed all of social life. Which of the following is NOT one of them? a. The Agricultural Revolution b. The Industrial Revolution c. The Immigration Revolution d. The Information Revolution

The development of agriculture was set in motion by ________ a. changes in the church. b. using animals to pull the plow. c. the discovery of writing. d. the discovery of oil.

The economy first became a distinct social institution during which historical stage of technological development? a. Hunting and gathering societies b. Agrarian societies c. Industrial societies d. Postindustrial societies

As societies industrialize, a smaller share of the population works in which of the following locations? a. Farms b. Factories c. Assembly lines d. All of these responses are correct.

The Industrial Revolution was based on ________ a. the spread of cottage industry. b. people beginning to work in their homes. c. a decrease in productive specialization. d. new sources of energy.

Which of the following new sources of energy launched the Industrial Revolution? a. The gasoline engine b. The steam engine c. Wind power d. Electricity

Early factories in New England, where the Industrial Revolution first developed in the United States, ________ a. employed women for half the wages paid to men. b. manufactured textiles. c. discouraged any worker organizations. d. All of these responses are correct.

The postindustrial economy is defined by ________ a. the spread of factories. b. mass production of goods and services. c. manufacturing of raw materials. d. service work largely based on computer technology.

Which of the following concepts refers to an economy based on computer technology? a. Postindustrial economy b. Industrial economy c. Technological economy d. Agrarian economy

Which of the following statements about the Information Revolution is NOT correct? a. There was a shift from making tangible products to generating ideas. b. There was a shift from mechanical skills to literacy skills. c. There was a shift from farming to turning raw materials into finished products. d. There was a shift from working in factories to working almost anywhere.

Which sector of the economy generates raw materials directly from the natural environment? a. Primary sector b. Secondary sector c. Tertiary sector d. None of the other responses is correct.

Turning metals into automobiles is work that falls within the ________ a. primary sector. b. secondary sector. c. tertiary sector. d. All of these responses are correct.

Looking at economies around the world, the primary sector is the largest in ________ a. high-income nations. b. middle-income nations. c. low-income nations. d. It is the same size in all nations.

The expansion of office work marks the growth of the economy's ________ a. primary sector. b. secondary sector. c. tertiary sector. d. None of the other responses is correct.

In the United States, about what percentage of the labor force performs tertiary sector work? a. 15 percent b. 35 percent c. 55 percent d. 85 percent

The concept of "global economy" refers to ________ a. economic activity that moves across national borders. b. the fact that only a few countries now contribute to the global economy. c. the fact that economic output is under the control of global political leadership. d. All of these responses are correct.

Globalization of the economy means that ________ a. world regions specialize in one sector of economic activity. b. more and more products pass through several nations. c. a small number of businesses represent a huge share of global economic output. d. All of these responses are correct.

Capitalism is an economic system in which there is ________ a. government control of production. b. private ownership of property. c. pursuit of collective goals. d. All of these responses are correct

In a capitalist economic system, "justice" amounts to ________ a. doing what is best for society's poorest members. b. everyone being more or less economically equal. c. freedom of the marketplace allowing people to follow their self-interest. d. All of these responses are correct.

The social thinker whose ideas provide the greatest support for the operation of a free-market economy was ________ a. Thorstein Veblen. b. Adam Smith. c. Karl Marx. d. Max Weber.

The United States is a mostly capitalist nation because ________ a. the vast majority of productive businesses are privately owned. b. we have a system of free elections. c. of our high living standards. d. of the extensive government control of the economy.

Socialism is an economic system in which there is ________ a. collective control of production. b. private ownership of property. c. pursuit of individual profit. d. All of these responses are correct.

Which of the following traits DOES NOT describe the operation of a socialist economy? a. Collective orientation b. Government control of production c. Laissez-faire economy d. Command economy

In a socialist economic system, "justice" amounts to ________ a. trying to meet the basic needs of all in an equal manner. b. doing whatever helps boost company earnings. c. freedom of the marketplace. d. All of these responses are correct.

What is the hypothetical economic and political system in which all people in society are socially equal? a. Capitalism b. Socialism c. Welfare capitalism d. Communism

Which of the following concepts refers to a political and economic system that combines a mostly market-based economy with extensive social welfare programs? a. Capitalism b. Socialism c. Welfare capitalism d. Communism

Which of the following nations is a high-income country where almost half of economic production is state-controlled and there is an extensive range of social welfare programs? a. China b. Sweden. c. Cuba d. The United States

The concept "state capitalism" refers to a system in which ________ a. the government owns and operates most economic enterprises. b. privately-owned companies cooperate closely with the government. c. the government owns but does not operate most economic enterprises. d. large businesses control the government.

Which of the following countries best exemplifies a system of state capitalism? a. The United States b. Great Britain c. Australia d. South Korea

Contrasted with socialist economic systems, capitalist economic systems are typically ________ a. equally productive. b. more productive. c. less productive. d. not concerned with the level of productivity.

Contrasted with socialist economic systems, capitalist economic systems typically ________ a. generate more economic inequality. b. generate less economic inequality. c. generate about the same level of inequality. d. do not generate any social equality.

Concerning the issue of personal freedom, capitalist systems emphasize people's ________, while socialist systems emphasize people's ________. a. collective needs; personal needs b. freedom from basic want; freedom to pursue their self-interest c. freedom to pursue their self-interest; freedom from basic want d. social needs; material needs

In the United States about what share of the population aged sixteen and older is in the paid labor force? a. 19 percent b. 39 percent c. 59 percent d. 79 percent

Over the course of the last century, the share of people in the U.S. labor force involved in agricultural work ________ a. has remained about the same. b. has declined steadily. c. has increased dramatically. d. has increased, but only slightly.

By the early 1960s, most of the people in the U.S. labor force had which type of job? a. White-collar b. Blue-collar c. Pink-collar d. Farming

In the United States, yesterday's family farms have given way to ________ a. importing most foods from abroad. b. collectively-run farming communes. c. corporate agribusinesses. d. smaller, individually-run farms.

The concept "primary labor market" refers to jobs that ________ a. provide extensive benefits to workers. b. are typically taken by teenagers. c. require no particular training or experience. d. offer little pay and low security.

In recent decades, union membership ________ a. has risen in the United States and other high-income nations. b. has risen in the United States, but not in other high-income nations. c. has declined in the United States, but not in other high-income nations. d. has declined in the United States and other high-income nations.

Read the four descriptions below. Which of them DOES NOT apply to a profession? a. Having theoretical knowledge of a field b. Working for a large, well-established company c. Having authority over clients d. Professing a community, rather than an individual, orientation

What percentage of today's U.S. workers are self-employed? a. 7 percent b. 27 percent c. 47 percent d. 67 percent

Which of the following would be included in the operation of the underground economy? a. A teacher who is on disability leave for a long time b. An executive who illegally "borrows" funds from the company c. A taxi driver who fails to report most of her income d. Food servers who are paid less than the minimum wage

Which category of the U.S. population is showing the greatest labor-force increase in terms of percentage? a. White men b. Hispanic women c. White women d. African American women

Computers are having which of the following effects on the workplace? a. Computers are deskilling labor. b. Computers are limiting workplace interaction. c. Computers enhance employers' control of workers. d. All of these responses are correct.

A conglomerate is ________ a. a giant corporation composed of many smaller corporations. b. a corporation in the manufacturing sector. c. a corporation engaged in both legal and illegal activity. d. any company that completely dominates a market.

The concept "oligopoly" refers to ________ a. any corporation with more than $1 billion in sales. b. the largest company in a particular field. c. domination of a market by a few producers. d. a large company operating in all three economic sectors.

Modernization theorists see large corporations as ________ a. offering little to help poor nations seeking to develop. b. unleashing the productive power of capitalism to speed development in poor nations. c. responsible for the debt crisis in many poor nations. d. needing the technology currently available in poor nations.

Dependency theorists see large corporations as ________ a. the key to meeting the needs of people in poor nations. b. helping poor nations to develop local industries. c. a major source of foreign investment for poor nations. d. intensifying global inequality.