Chapter 11 example #19946

Coping refers to a variety of methods used to: avoid the adaptation-level phenomenon. inhibit learned helplessness. prevent the release of cortisol. alleviate stress.

Cameron, a 50-year-old electrician, opens his pay envelope and, to his surprise, finds a pink slip inside indicating that he has been fired from his job. Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is Cameron most likely experiencing? resistance alarm reaction adjustment exhaustion

An overactive immune system puts women at higher risk of ________ than men. high blood pressure stomach cancer lupus AIDS

Vanessa alleviated some of the stress associated with the death of her husband by becoming more actively engaged in her work. Her response best illustrates: the faith factor. biofeedback. emotion-focused coping. a Type B personality.

A loss of perceived control tends to result in: low blood pressure. reduced immune responses. problem-focused coping. low blood sugar levels.

Israelis living in nonreligious collective settlements were observed to have ________ than those living in religiously orthodox collective settlements. higher rates of death better emotion-focused coping skills better self-control better problem-focused coping skills

Elderly nursing home residents tend to decline faster and die sooner than they would otherwise if they lack: biofeedback. mindfulness meditation. perceived control. Type A personalities.

Aerobic exercise is associated with: increased levels of serotonin and decreased levels of the endorphins. decreased levels of serotonin and increased levels of the endorphins. increased levels of serotonin and increased levels of the endorphins. decreased levels of serotonin and decreased levels of the endorphins.

For Type A individuals, exposure to stress is especially likely to inhibit organ activity, such as the ________ removing cholesterol and fat from the blood. liver thyroid gland pancreas adrenal glands

Experimental participants did not show strong differences in brain activation whether watching a sad or a neutral movie if they: were Type A personalities. perceived an external locus of control. had been trained in mindfulness meditation. experienced weakened immune functioning.

Compared with those who are unhappy, happy people are ________ decisive and ________ cooperative. less; less more; more less; more more; less

The infectious agent that triggers AIDS is called: cortisol. the NK cell. HIV. the macrophage.

To alleviate the stress he feels after failing a college course, Jeremy seeks social support from his friends and family. Jeremy's behavior best illustrates: learned helplessness. biofeedback. problem-focused coping. emotion-focused coping.

B lymphocytes inhibit ________, whereas T lymphocytes inhibit ________. bacterial infections; viral infections heart attacks; strokes NK cells; cancer cells HIV; AIDS

Daily pressures compounded by racism and prejudice take a toll on many African-Americans in the form of: T lymphocytes. catharsis. natural killer cells. high blood pressure.

The third phase of the general adaptation syndrome is characterized by: resistance. exhaustion. an alarm reaction. a tend-and-befriend response.

After experiencing the stress of losing her job, Colleen suffered an increased incidence of cold and flu infections. Her increased illness is best attributed to reduced levels of: oxytocin. carcinogens. lymphocytes. cortisol.

Bryson was encouraged by a supportive network of friends following a serious business setback. Research suggests that this social support was likely to improve Bryson's health by reducing his: blood pressure. immune functioning. oxytocin levels. internal locus of control.

Which of the following factors has been found to be clearly related to feelings of general happiness or life satisfaction? being well educated being younger than 50 having an active religious faith being physically attractive

Continuously high levels of ________ are an indication that a person is at high risk for a future heart attack. cortisol serotonin natural killer cells B lymphocytes

Which of the following best illustrates the do-good, feel-good phenomenon? Finding money makes people more likely to give money. People are more likely to volunteer their time to help others after they succeed on a challenging task. Donating a kidney to another person increases the donor's subjective well-being. picking up someone's dropped papers is more likely after people recall a happy event.

Avoiding stress is LEAST likely to inhibit the progression of ________ in humans. bacterial infections viral infections coronary heart disease advanced cancer

Learned helplessness is likely to be accompanied by ________ cortisol levels and ________ blood pressure. increased; decreased increased; increased decreased; decreased decreased; increased

People who typically anticipate that their outcomes in life will be negative best illustrate: problem-focused coping. the Type A personality. pessimism. an internal locus of control.

Resistance to stress is greatest during ________ of the GAS. Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4

Compared with their distressed counterparts from individualist cultures, distressed people from collectivist cultures are _______ likely to seek social support and _______ likely to confide in others regarding their personal struggles. more; less less; more more; more less; less

In a nine-year study, Friedman and Rosenman reported that, compared with Type A men, Type B men were: more susceptible to stomach ulcers. less susceptible to stomach ulcers. more susceptible to heart attacks. less susceptible to heart attacks.

Researchers examined the photographs of 150 Major League Baseball players who had appeared in the 1952 Baseball Register and had died by 2009. Those who lived an average of 80 years rather than 73 years were distinguished by their: height. smiles. muscularity. skin color.

Aerobic exercise has been most closely linked to a decrease in: endorphin production. depression. problem-focused coping. cancer.

One possible explanation for the longer life expectancy of religiously active people is that: they respond to stress with higher blood pressure. they have Type A personalities. their nervous system responds to stress with greater arousal. they receive more social support.

In the long run, people who practice self-regulation through physical exercise and time-managed study programs experience an increase in: the feel-good, do-good phenomenon. mindfulness meditation. relative deprivation. self-control.

Which immune system cells act as hungry scavengers that trap and ingest worn-out cells? endorphins carcinogens lymphocytes macrophages

A wage increase of $3000 per year is most likely to increase the subjective well-being of people who currently earn ________ per year. $12,000 $25,000 $40,000 $75,000

Lymphocytes are: harmful agents such as chemicals and viruses that cross the placenta from mother to fetus. stress hormones produced by the sympathetic nervous system. cancer cells that form in the lymph glands. white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system.

Laura and Tom don't think using a condom will have any impact on whether Laura gets pregnant. Their lack of perceptiveness best illustrates the dangers of: emotion-focused coping. mindfulness meditation. Type B personalities. an external locus of control.

Psychoneuroimmunology is most broadly concerned with how the psychological, neural, and endocrine systems together affect the: reproductive system. cardiovascular system. immune system. respiratory system.

Compared with pessimists, optimists have ________ life expectancy, and they approach death with a feeling of ________ life satisfaction. about the same; greater about the same; less a longer; greater a longer; less

Haley's parents bought her a used bicycle for her birthday. She was thrilled until she learned that her best friend received a brand-new bicycle for her birthday. Haley's declining satisfaction illustrates: relative deprivation. the adaptation-level phenomenon. learned helplessness. biofeedback.

Which of the following best explains why stress heightens vulnerability to bacterial and viral infections? Stress hormones inhibit the production of proteins that contribute to inflammation. Stress increases the capacity of the liver to remove cholesterol from the blood. Stress suppresses the release of lymphocytes. Stress triggers the production of carcinogens.

Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor is known as: mindfulness meditation. biofeedback. problem-focused coping. the feel-good, do-good phenomenon.

The greatest number of deaths in Africa today result from: strokes. cancer. AIDS. malaria.

Who is the best example of a Type B personality? George, a self-confident, time-conscious mail carrier Wang Lung, a relaxed, easygoing dentist Henry, an irritable, impatient college professor Stasio, a fun-loving, hard-driving corporation president

Reduced feelings of tension following aggressive outbursts are most likely to contribute to: a Type B personality. the tend-and-befriend response. the general adaptation syndrome. the reinforcement of aggression.

German students had their brains scanned while someone thwarted their opportunity to earn money. Blood flow to brain areas that helped students understand their own emotions and make socially appropriate decisions was enhanced among students who: perceived the wrongdoer's act as unjustified. verbally expressed their feelings of anger. forgave the wrongdoer. ruminated inwardly about the reasons for their anger.

One way for people to improve their own subjective well-being is to: focus more attention on themselves. participate in regular aerobic exercise. overestimate how much they can accomplish. do all of these things.

After resisting a strong temptation to overeat during a lengthy but sumptuous all-you-can-eat buffet dinner, Jason was unable to resist the temptation to drink too much alcohol during an important after-dinner business meeting. Jason's excessive drinking best illustrates the impact of: relative deprivation. a Type B personality. learned helplessness. using up self-control energy.

The emotional bonding and mutual support that survivors of natural disasters provide to one another best illustrates: the general adaptation syndrome. the tend-and-befriend response. catharsis. psychoneuroimmunology.

Which of the following is most likely to foster stronger immune functioning? an external locus of control social support a Type A personality increased cortisol levels

To alleviate the stress of losing her job, Alicia enrolled in a work-retraining program that led to full-time employment. Alicia's behavior best illustrates: learned helplessness. an external locus of control. problem-focused coping. a Type A personality.

Bryson was encouraged by a supportive network of friends following a serious business setback. Research suggests that this social support was likely to improve Bryson's health by reducing his: blood pressure. immune functioning. oxytocin levels. internal locus of control.

Rodents who experienced inescapable shocks were more prone to developing cancer if they had previously been exposed to: natural killer cells. T lymphocytes. macrophages. carcinogens.

Mindfulness meditation has been found to reduce: depression. endorphin levels. personal control. neurogenesis.

Lenore is calmly focusing all of her attention on noticing and accepting her own sensations and emotions as they occur on a moment-to-moment basis. Lenore's behavior best illustrates: biofeedback. an external locus of control. the adaptation-level phenomenon. mindfulness meditation.

Self-esteem is especially likely to be a predictor of happiness in cultures that value: an external locus of control. relative deprivation. individualism. the feel-good; do-good phenomenon.

After experiencing inescapable brutalities as a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp, Mr. Sternberg became apathetic, stopped eating, and gave up all efforts to physically survive the ordeal. Mr. Sternberg's reaction most clearly illustrates: the adaptation-level phenomenon. the faith factor. learned helplessness. an internal locus of control.

After receiving very bad news, people ________ the duration of their negative emotions.

Being confronted by an intruder who has broken into your house late at night is best described as a(n): fight-or-flight response. general adaption syndrome. emotional catharsis. stressor.

The term catharsis refers to emotional: disturbance. inhibition. release. adaptation.

In one study, sugar (in a naturally sweetened lemonade) reduced participants' financial impulsiveness by increasing their: stress hormone levels. mindfulness meditation. self-control energy. faith factor.

Relative deprivation refers to the tendency for our personal happiness to be heavily influenced by: genetics. previous experiences. the faith factor. others' success.