Chapter 10

25 August 2022
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In the 1820s and 1830s, railroads
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played a relatively small role in the nation's transportation system.
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In the 1840s, John Deere introduced significant improvements to the
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plow
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All of the following statements regarding American leisure activities prior to 1860 are true EXCEPT that
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unpaid vacations were becoming common among the middle class.
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All the following factors inhibited the growth of labor unions EXCEPT
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the question of whether to include women members.
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Prior to 1860, American urban society
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included a substantial number of destitute poor.
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During the 1840s, advances in journalism included all of the following EXCEPT the
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technological means to reproduce photographs in newsprint.
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American factory workers in early nineteenth-century textile mills largely consisted of
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families and rural, single women.
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In the 1840s, the dominant immigrant group in New England textile mills was the
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Irish
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The rise of the American factory system
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led to the creation of skilled workingmen's craft societies.
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Between 1820 and 1840, the population of the United States
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rapidly grew, in part due to improved public health.
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For most American farmers, the 1840s and 1850s were a period of
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rising prosperity, due to increased world demand for farm products.
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Early American Victorian homes were characterized by
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dark colors, and rooms crowded with heavy furniture.
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The republican vision in the United States included the tradition of the
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skilled artisan and the yeoman farmer.
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Before 1860, compared to Irish immigrants, German immigrants to the United States
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generally arrived with more money.
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After 1852, the "Know-Nothings" created a new political organization called the
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American Party.
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Which of the following statements regarding American railroads in the 1850s is FALSE?
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Private investors provided nearly all the capital for rail development.
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The great majority of Irish immigrants settled in the
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eastern cities
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Prior to 1860, hostility among native-born Americans toward immigrants was spurred, in part, by
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fears of political radicalism.
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Before the 1830s, American corporations could be chartered only by
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state legislatures
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In most parts of the North, before the Civil War, free blacks could
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compete for menial jobs.
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Before 1860, the development of machine tools by the United States government resulted in the
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turret lathe, universal milling machine, and precision grinder.
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Before 1860, American middle-class families
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became the most influential cultural form of urban America.
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Between 1840 and 1860, the overwhelming majority of immigrants who arrived in the United States came from
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Ireland and Germany
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Compared to 1800, in 1860 urban American families
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had a declining birth rate.
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In 1860, the percentage of the population in free states living in towns (places of 2,500 people or more) or cities (8,000 or more) was
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26 percent
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Prior to 1860, the fastest-growing segment in American society was the
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middle class
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In the 1820s and 1830s, the labor force for factory work in the United States
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(None of these answers is correct)
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In 1860, the percentage of the population in the South living in towns (places of 2,500 or more) or cities (8,000 or more) was
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10 percent
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When the Lowell factory system began,
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workers were fairly well paid and lived in supervised dormitories.
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The Massachusetts court case of Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842) declared that
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labor unions were lawful organizations.
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By 1860, the energy for industrialization in the United States increasingly came from
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coal
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In 1860, the typical white male American of the Old Northwest (today's Midwest) was
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the owner of a family farm.
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In the 1830s, Cyrus McCormick improved grain farming when he patented his
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Reaper
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The "Know-Nothing" movement was partially directed at reducing the influence of
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Catholics
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Prior to 1860, the social institution that most bound together rural Americans was the
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church
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The commercial and industrial growth in the United States prior to 1860 resulted in
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increasing disparities in income between the rich and poor.
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Most American industry remained wedded to the most traditional source of power, which was
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water
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The main staple crop of the Old Northwest (today's Midwest) was
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wheat
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As the immigrant labor force in New England textile mills grew in the 1840s,
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payment by piece rates replaced a daily wage.
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Prior to 1860, perhaps the most significant invention for middle-class American homes was the
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cast-iron stove
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Which city did NOT owe its growth to the Great Lakes?
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Cincinatti
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By 1860, factories in the United States
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were concentrated in the Northeast.
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The Erie Canal was
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a tremendous financial success.
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Which of the following is true of the differences between canal and turnpike transportation?
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Canal boats could haul vastly larger loads than could turnpike transports.
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In the 1830s, limited liability laws were developed in the United States, which
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meant stockholders could not be charged with losses greater than their investment.
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The early union movement among skilled artisans
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was weakened by the Panic of 1837.
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In the 1840s, P. T. Barnum's American Museum in New York showcased
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human oddities
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The growth of commerce and industry allowed more Americans the chance to become prosperous without
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owning land
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Prior to 1860, class conflict in the United States
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was limited by a high degree of mobility within the working class.
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By 1860, as a result of the social expectations expressed in the "cult of domesticity,"
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women became increasingly isolated from the public world.
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Between 1800 and 1830, immigration to the United States
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was not a significant contributor to the national population.
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As the factory system progressed into the 1840s,
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the owners increasingly used immigrants as their labor force.