APUSH Study Notes

The Compromise of 1877 was a purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election, pulled federal troops out of state politics in the South, and ended the Reconstruction Era. Through the Compromise, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House over Democrat Samuel J. Tilden on the understanding that Hayes would remove the federal troops whose support was essential for the survival of Republican state governments in South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana. The compromise involved Democrats who controlled the House of Representatives allowing the decision of the Electoral Commission to take effect. The outgoing president, Republican Ulysses S. Grant, removed the soldiers from Florida. As president, Hayes removed the remaining troops in South Carolina and Louisiana. As soon as the troops left, many white Republicans also left and the "Redeemer" Democrats took control. What exactly happened is somewhat contested as the documentation is scanty. African American historians sometimes call it "The Great Betrayal."

All US born citizen has voting rights. Banned racial restrictions on voting. United States may not prevent a citizen from voting based on that citizen's race, color.

all people are citizens and no state has the right to deprive any citizen of life, liberty, or property

Abolition of Slavery

Republican and Democractic parties effected a compromise after the 1876 presidential election

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

- no discrimination on color, race, religion, sex, or national origin.

1. Vetoed Freedmen's Bureau, Civil Rights Act of 1866, and Reconstruction Act of 1867. 2. Did not support 14th Amendment. 3. Command of the Army Act. 4. Tenure of Office Act.

Required the President to seek approval from the Senate before removing appointees. When Andrew Johnson removed his secretary of war in violation of the act, he was impeached by the house but remained in office when the Senate fell one vote short of removing him.

Largely former slave owners who were the bitterest opponents of the Republican program in the South. Staged a major counterrevolution to "redeem" the south by taking back southern state governments. Their foundation rested on the idea of racism and white supremacy. Redeemer governments waged and agressive assault on African Americans.

african americans and poor whites would work on a land owned by another in return for small pay or some crops

A process led by the Radical Republicans that led to the usage of military force to protect blacks' rights.

o Did away with old schools of thought & systems (religion & state together, divine right/monarchy, hereditary status

1864 Proposed far more demanding and stringent terms for reconstruction; required 50% of the voters of a state to take the loyalty oath and permitted only non-confederates to vote for a new state constitution; Lincoln refused to sign the bill, pocket vetoing it after Congress adjourned.

Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens

1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs

Blacks were given 40 acres and a mule to move west

A plan that gave pardon to all those who took loyalty oaths. It punished plantation owners and forced states to abolish slavery before readmittance.

Former Confederate states would be readmitted to the Union if 10% of their citizens took a loyalty oath and the state agreed to ratify the 13th Amendment which outlawed slavery. Not put into effect because Lincoln was assassinated.

Small population, lack of manufacturing. Numbers game.

unemployment fell to 1.2%. Paychecks rose 35%. Farmers became more efficient and made 300% profits.

(AL) , Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free

A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields.

A court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person. Lincoln broke this law.