APUSH Chapter 36 Vocab

(1882-1945) The 32nd President from 1933-1945. Led the US through economic crisis and WWII. Only Pres. in US history to be in office longer than two terms. Was a central figure of the 20th century. Made a durable coalition that realigned American politics for decades. He symbolized hope, courage, and optimism to many.

(1891-1979) A Roman Catholic priest who used his popular radio program to criticize the New Deal; he grew increasingly anti-Roosevelt and anti-Semitic until the Catholic Church pulled him off the air. The 1930s saw more than 30 million tune in to his sermons every week. One of the first political leaders to reach a mass audience via radio. Wanted monetary reforms, nationalization of major industries and RRs, and protection of the rights of labor.

(1880-1969) A leader of organized labor who served as president of the United Mine Workers of America (UMW) from 1920-1960. He played a major role in coal mining history and a huge force in founding the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) that led to the United Steel Workers of America. Helped to organize millions in the 1930s. He was a liberal who supported FDR until the US broke out of its isolationism in WWII. Helped bring higher wages, pensions, and medical benefits to coal workers.

The 20th Amendment establishes a beginning and ending term of the elected in federal offices. The amendment also deals with scenarios where there is no President-elect. Ratified in 1933. Ends the "lame-duck" period between one President leaving and another assuming office.

(CIO) Proposed be John L. Lewis in 1932, the CIO was a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the US and Canada from 1935 to 1955. Supported FDR, the New Deal, and allowed African-American entry, merged with the AFL to make the CIO-AFL in 1955. Born out of a fundamental dispute with the US labor movement over whether and how to organize industrial workers.

(1884-1962) First Lady from 1933 to 1945. Wife to FDR, supported the New Deal policies. Outspoken advocate for Civil Rights, such as working to enhance the rights of working women. A co-founder of the Freedom House, and supported the formation of the United Nations. Founded the UN Association of the United States in 1943. Was a delegate to the UN General Assembly from 1945 to 1952. Chaired the committee that drafted and approved the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Was an international author, speaker, politician, and activist for the New Deal coalition.

(1893-1935) A governor and US senator, Long was a Democrat known for his radical populist ideals. Backed FDR in the 1932 election, but split as he wanted to make his own bid for Presidency in 1936.Long created the Share Our Wealth program in 1934 with the motto "Every Man a King", proposing new wealth redistribution measures in the form of a net asset tax on corporations and individuals to curb the poverty and homelessness endemic nationwide during the Great Depression. To stimulate the economy, Long advocated for public works, schools, colleges, and old age pensions. Long grew very popular, but he was assassinated in 1935.

The New Deal established the national government as a major regulator of private businesses and as ultimately responsible for maintaining a stable economy. The New Deal brought about a number of reforms in almost every area, and was implemented between 1933 and 1936 (after the Great Depression). New Deal: regulation of bank and stock activity, large scale relief and public works programs for people living in both urban and rural areas. In their first one hundred days in office, the Brains Trust helped Roosevelt enact fifteen major laws critical to the New Deal.

Repealed the 18th Amendment, which mandated nationwide prohibition. Amendment occurred in 1933. It was the first time in US history where an amendment was repealed. Prohibition caused nationwide unrest over the ban on consumption and sale of alcoholic beverages. The ban was a complete failure and almost impossible to enforce and cost the government much needed tax revenue.

(1880-1965) US Secretary of Labor from 1933-1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet. Helped pull the the labor movements into the New Deal agreements. Supporter of FDR.

(1867-1960) An American physician who lost his savings in the Great Depression. He developed a revolving old-age pension plan that became part of FDR's social security system. Each person older than 60 would receive $60/month.

An area of the Great Plains that covered Oklahoma, Kansas, New Mexico, Texas, and Colorado that suffered from dry topsoil and winds that creating blinding dust storms. Blew away crops and farms, and consequently left many farmers without money. Occurred from 1930-1936, but for some until 1940. The Dust Bowl was cased by topsoil being blown away as the deep-rooted grasses were taken out of the land, which the grasses helped from being blown away. The grasses would also keep moisture.

The Judicial Procedures Bill of 1937 was a legislative initiative proposed by FDR to add more justices to the supreme court. FDR wanted to obtain more favorable rulings on his New Deal programs that had previously been ruled unconstitutional. Opponents saw the measure as a way to pack the court, and called the "court-packing plan". Plan ultimately planned.