CH 24

In response to President Franklin Roosevelt's first days in office, the American people A. believed the depression was largely over. B. felt a mixture of relief and hope. C. concluded the economy was not as bad off as they once had believed. D. felt the Hoover administration must be held accountable for the economic crisis. E. began to believe they had made a mistake in voting for Roosevelt.

In 1933, two days after he took office, President Franklin Roosevelt A. took the country off the gold standard. B. ended prohibition. C. sent the National Industrial Recovery Act to Congress. D. presented to Congress a relief plan for the unemployed. E. closed all banks.

The Economy Act of 1933 A. proposed to balance the federal budget and cut government workers' salaries. B. ordered all federal agencies to cut their workforce by ten percent. C. gave immediate pensions to retired war veterans. D. provided an infusion of cash into the economy. E. gave the government authority to curb irresponsible speculation by banks.

The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 established A. the Federal Reserve Board in Washington. B. the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. C. the Securities and Exchange Commission. D. both the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Securities and Exchange Commission. E. None of these answers is correct.

In 1933, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation A. offered financial protection for stock investors. B. gave the government authority to transfer the funds of failing banks to strong banks. C. protected the assets of small bank depositors. D. protected banks from failing. E. prevented banks from speculating irresponsibly.

To oversee activities in the stock market, in 1934, Congress established the A. Securities and Exchange Commission. B. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. C. Federal Reserve Board. D. Glass-Steagall Act. E. Federal Emergency Relief Association.

The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 A. sought to raise crop prices by paying farmers not to plant. B. set minimum prices for retailers purchasing farm products. C. provided farmers with free seed and fertilizer. D. offered financial incentives to farmers who improved their production yields. E. created government warehouses where farmers could store their crops and use them as collateral.

The Agricultural Adjustment Act A. favored small farm operations over large ones. B. fostered further instability in the agricultural economy. C. protected tenant farmers. D. failed to improve farm prices. E. was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

The New Deal program which created utility cooperatives for rural Americans was the A. Resettlement Administration. B. Farm Security Administration. C. Rural Electrification Administration. D. Civilian Conservation Corps. E. Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act.

The National Recovery Administration of 1933 did all of the following EXCEPT A. establish a minimum wage for labor. B. make child industrial labor illegal. C. set a standard for the maximum hours one could work in a week. D. increase competition between companies. E. set floors under prices.

During the first year of the National Recovery Administration, A. industry saw prices rise. B. industrial production declined. C. large producers consistently dominated the code-writing process. D. both of these occurred: industry saw prices rise, and industrial production declined. E. All these answers are correct.

The Tennessee Valley Authority of 1933 A. saw private farmers and business leaders dominate its planning process. B. was the most controversial program of the early New Deal. C. was one of the costliest failures of the Roosevelt administration. D. was headed by former electricity magnate Samuel Insull. E. was an experiment in regional planning by the federal government.

All of the following occurred as a result of the Tennessee Valley Authority EXCEPT A. flooding was almost entirely eliminated in the affected region. B. the cost of power from private companies declined. C. poverty in the region was significantly reduced. D. water transportation was improved. E. electricity was provided to thousands of new users.

During its first year, the Civil Works Administration A. put four million people to work. B. provided relief funds but not relief work. C. planned for major building projects such as dams, airports, and power plants. D. made little progress in helping the jobless. E. was soon replaced by the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.

The Civilian Conservation Corps A. was racially integrated. B. put the unemployed to work on rural and wilderness areas. C. included women. D. mostly employed the jobless rural poor. E. passed Congress despite Roosevelt's ambivalence about the project.

In 1934, strong criticism of the New Deal came from A. the political far right. B. the political far left. C. dissident populists such as Huey Long. D. both the political far right and the political far left. E. All these answers are correct.

In 1934, the American Liberty League was formed A. to help win public support for the more controversial New Deal programs. B. by western business leaders who felt ignored by the New Deal. C. to unite southerners who opposed the New Deal's support of unions. D. by a coalition of radical and semiradical organizations, including the Socialist Party. E. by wealthy conservatives who strongly opposed the New Deal.

In 1934, Dr. Francis Townsend attracted widespread national support for a plan that A. offered medical insurance for the poor and elderly. B. was strongly supported by Congress. C. helped pave the way for the Social Security system. D. guaranteed all able-bodied Americans over age twenty-one a full-time job. E. provided below-cost health care to children and pregnant women.

Much of Father Charles Coughlin's outspoken criticism of the Roosevelt administration revolved around the issue of A. the right of labor to organize in unions. B. giving public relief jobs to women with children. C. the repeal of prohibition. D. changing the banking and currency system. E. taxing excess corporate profits and surplus riches.

In 1935, Senator Huey Long A. advocated a "flat tax" plan. B. had a strong record of progressive accomplishments. C. had as much popular support as Franklin Roosevelt, according to opinion polls. D. declared he would seek the Democratic nomination for president in 1936. E. advocated a $200 monthly pension for all Americans over the age of sixty.

The "Second New Deal" was launched in response to A. the growth of popular protests across the nation. B. the persistence of the Great Depression. C. the coming presidential election of 1936. D. both the persistence of the Great Depression and the coming presidential election of 1936. E. All these answers are correct.

All of the following programs were part of the "Second New Deal" EXCEPT A. the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. B. the Wagner Act. C. the Holding Company Act. D. the Social Security Act. E. the National Labor Relations Act.

During the "Second New Deal," President Franklin Roosevelt A. moved away from altering the income tax. B. called for greater civil rights for American minority groups. C. introduced government-funded unemployment checks. D. rejected legislative attempts by Senator Robert Wagner to strengthen labor. E. became more willing to attack corporate interests openly.

The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 A. ended the labor practice of a "closed shop." B. gave the government the authority to force employers to accept labor unions. C. enforced the labor practice of an "open shop." D. resulted in the Supreme Court's striking down of the Wagner Act. E. invalidated Section 7(a) of the National Industrial Recovery Act.

In the 1930s, industrial unionism was A. considerably strengthened by New Deal legislation. B. supported by the American Federation of Labor. C. opposed by labor leaders such as John L. Lewis. D. generally hostile to blacks and women. E. losing support among unskilled laborers.

In the 1930s, the industrial union movement A. was most interested in attracting skilled laborers. B. decided it was better to organize by companies than by entire industries. C. grew more militant and powerful. D. saw many of its leaders take top executive jobs in major companies. E. became the dominant force in the American Federation of Labor.

In the 1930s, the Congress of Industrial Organization A. grew out of a dispute within the American Federation of Labor. B. was less militant than the American Federation of Labor. C. would not accept women or blacks as members. D. confined its organizing to the steel and coal industries. E. refused to get involved in organizing the automobile industry.

During the 1930s, the sit-down strike A. was first used in the steel industry. B. was a new and controversial labor tactic. C. was upheld by the courts and state governments. D. was eventually broken by the Michigan National Guard. E. All these answers are correct.

During the 1937 sit-down strike of General Motors, the federal government A. actively sided with the strikers. B. actively sided with the company. C. assumed control of the plant. D. negotiated a settlement through federal arbitration. E. refused to intervene in the dispute.

In 1937, regarding the organizing of industrial labor, A. small steel companies more quickly unionized than did large steel companies. B. the effort to organize the steel industry proved easier than in the auto industry. C. the "Memorial Day Massacre" saw striking U.S. Steel employees killed by police. D. the great majority of strikes were settled in favor of the unions. E. a key strike against Republic Steel of Chicago succeeded in winning union recognition.

The Social Security Act of 1935 A. initially only offered a pension for retired workers. B. did not begin making payments to participants for years. C. covered all full-time working American citizens. D. was opposed by President Franklin Roosevelt as being too costly. E. originally included a program for universal health care.

The Works Progress Administration of 1935 A. gave federal relief money to those deemed "unemployable." B. displayed very little flexibility or imagination. C. provided mostly "make-work" jobs to the unemployed. D. was under the direction of Secretary of Labor Francis Perkins. E. was much larger than previous programs of its kind.

The Works Progress Administration provided federal assistance to A. artists and sculptors. B. actors and directors. C. writers and musicians. D. all of these: artists, sculptors, writers, and musicians. E. All these answers are correct.

In the 1930s, the New Deal generally gave A. work relief to both men and women. B. cash assistance to both men and women. C. work relief to women and cash assistance to men. D. work relief to men and cash assistance to women. E. both work relief and cash assistance to men and women.

The election of 1936 A. saw Franklin Roosevelt opposed by the Republican, William Lemke. B. was considered "too close to call" by opinion polls in the weeks prior to the vote. C. produced a new and enduring coalition of voters for the Democratic Party. D. saw third-party challengers play a major role in the outcome. E. saw the Republican challenger pick up considerable gains in the formerly "Solid South."

All of the following groups were part of the New Deal political coalition EXCEPT A. big business owners. B. the working class. C. urban blacks. D. western and southern farmers. E. liberals and progressives.

In 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt's call to expand the Supreme Court came from A. complaints by several justices that they were being overworked. B. a desire not to have to choose between two different popular candidates for Chief Justice. C. a Democratic plan to gain the party permanent control of the federal government. D. his opinion that the Court needed to review a larger number of cases. E. his desire to change the ideological balance of the Court.

President Franklin Roosevelt's proposal to expand the Supreme Court A. had little effect on future rulings by the Court. B. did little political damage to his administration. C. drew significant support from conservatives. D. was eventually defeated in Congress. E. gained Roosevelt the support of southern Democrats.

In 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt decided A. that there should be a sharp increase in New Deal spending. B. the federal government would never be able to end the depression. C. the federal work programs would have to be continued indefinitely. D. that he should try to balance the federal budget. E. that Social Security should be expanded to include agricultural and domestic laborers.

During the recession of 1937, A. Congressional Republicans took most of the blame. B. the economy was as bad as during the worst period of the Hoover administration. C. industrial production faltered but employment remained steady. D. it became apparent that New Deal programs made little impact on economic conditions. E. Roosevelt tried to mitigate the damage by reducing spending.

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 A. signified the start of a new round of New Deal legislation. B. sought to eliminate hiring discrimination based on race, but not gender. C. did not include a provision regarding working hours. D. established a national minimum wage. E. created an enforcement mechanism to protect unions' right to organize.

By the end of 1938, A. the nation had largely emerged from the Depression. B. President Roosevelt began what became known as the "Third New Deal." C. Congress had come to accept the need for further reforms. D. the American public had come to strongly oppose the New Deal. E. the New Deal had largely come to an end.

Under the New Deal, African Americans A. were generally treated equally with other races. B. received no significant appointments in the Roosevelt White House. C. received more sympathy than under most previous administrations. D. were able to challenge many patterns of race discrimination effectively. E. found the government hostile to black aspirations.

The most influential advocate for African Americans in the Roosevelt administration was A. Frances Perkins. B. Harold Ickes. C. Harry Hopkins. D. Eleanor Roosevelt. E. Mary McLeod Bethune.

African Americans employed by New Deal relief programs A. were paid the same wages as whites doing the same jobs. B. were among the first to be released when funds ran out. C. saw existing patterns of discrimination dismantled. D. were both paid the same wages as whites doing the same jobs, and among the first to be released when funds ran out. E. All these answers are correct.

New Deal policy toward American Indians A. continued past government policies. B. favored Indian assimilation into the larger white culture. C. was grounded in a commitment to cultural relativism. D. encouraged Indians to own land as individuals, rather than collectively. E. led to a considerable decrease in tribal lands.

John Collier is associated with New Deal A. Indian policies. B. programs for African Americans. C. health programs for children. D. initiatives for the working class. E. administration of public works.

Frances Perkins, the first female cabinet member in American history, was secretary of A. commerce. B. agriculture. C. labor. D. health and human services. E. education.

All of the following statements regarding the New Deal and women are true EXCEPT A. the New Deal sanctioned sexually discriminatory wage rates. B. New Deal relief agencies offered relatively little employment for women. C. women were encouraged to leave the workplace to help men get jobs. D. many occupations dominated by women were excluded from Social Security. E. in general, women were major critics of the New Deal.

In the American West, New Deal programs A. were limited and had a minimal impact on life. B. focused on the few large cities. C. led to a change in existing racial relations. D. disproportionately benefited the region in funding. E. drew considerable opposition for their environmentalism.

One of the major effects the New Deal had on the United States was A. it fostered stronger and more varied interest groups. B. it created a unified, government-controlled economy. C. it created a harmonious, ordered economy. D. it created laws that provided equal economic opportunity for all American workers. E. It ended the Depression.

One long-term consequence of the New Deal was A. the government effectively redistributed the wealth among the American people. B. it demonstrated that sufficient government spending could resolve economic emergencies. C. the national government assumed a responsibility for the basic welfare of the people. D. the influence of the government on the economy became greater than that of private businesses. E. the government substantially transformed the distribution of power within American capitalism.